Physical Assessment: Ears

Front 1

the external ear is called the

Back 1

auricle or pinna

Front 2

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Back 2

seperates the external and middle ear, translucent membrane (pearl gray color),

Front 3

malleus

Back 3

"hammer", first of 3 ossicles of the middle ear

Front 4

annulus

Back 4

outer fibrous rim encircling the eardrum

Front 5

atresia

Back 5

congenital absence or closure of ear canal

Front 6

cerumen

Back 6

yellow, waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear canal

Front 7

cochlea

Back 7

inner ear structure containing the central hearing apparatus

Front 8

eustachian tube

Back 8

connects teh middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air

Front 9

helix

Back 9

superior posterior free rim of pinna

Front 10

incus

Back 10

"anvil", middle of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear

Front 11

mastoid

Back 11

bony prominence of the skull located just behind the ear

Front 12

organ of corti

Back 12

sensory organ of hearing

Front 13

otalgia

Back 13

pain in the ear

Front 14

otitis externa

Back 14

inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal

Front 15

otitis media

Back 15

inflamm. of the middle ear and tympanic membrane

Front 16

otorrhea

Back 16

discharge from the ear

Front 17

pars flaccida

Back 17

small, slack, superior section of tympanic membrane

Front 18

pars tensa

Back 18

thick, taut, central/inferior section fo tympanic membrane

Front 19

pinna

Back 19

auricle or outer ear

Front 20

stapes

Back 20

"stirrup", inner of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear

Front 21

tinnitus

Back 21

ringing in the ears

Front 22

tympanic membrane

Back 22

"ear drum"

Front 23

umbo

Back 23

knob of the malleus that shows through the tympanic membrane

Front 24

3 functions of the middle ear

Back 24

-conducts sound vibrations from outer ear to the central hearing apparatus
-it proects the inner ear byr educing the amplitude of loud sounds
-its eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure on each side of tympanic membrane so membrane doesn't rupture

Front 25

the inner ear is embedded in _____

Back 25

bone

Front 26

inner ear contains:

Back 26

the bony labyrinth, vestibule and semicircular canals and cochlea

Front 27

Is the inner ear accessible to direct examination?

Back 27

no

Front 28

amplitude (sound)

Back 28

determines loudness

Front 29

frequency of sound

Back 29

determines pitch

Front 30

process of hearing

Back 30

sound waves hit tympanic membrane and go through 3 ossicles to oval window into cochlea (coiled) and are dissipated against the round window. basilar membrane vibrates at a point matchign the frequency fo the sound and hairs in the basilar membrane (the sensory parts of the organ of Corti), convert the virbations into electrical energy

Front 31

How can we tell where a sound is coming from?

Back 31

by having two ears, brainstem picks of subtle difference it time it takes the sound to reach each ear and the variance in intensity at each ear

Front 32

what part of brain interprets the meaning of sound?

Back 32

cortex

Front 33

2 pathways of hearing

Back 33

air conduction
bone conduction-transmit direct to inner ear

Front 34

conductive hearing loss

Back 34

involves a mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear.
Usually partial loss, can hear if amplitude is increased enough

Front 35

causes of conductive hearing loss

Back 35

impacted cerumen
foreign bodies
perforated typanic membrane
pus/serum in middle ear
otosclerosis

Front 36

otosclerosis

Back 36

decrease in mobility of the ossicles
common in adults 20 -40, gradual hardening

Front 37

sensorineuroal hearing loss

Back 37

pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII or the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex

Front 38

Why are infants at greater risk for middle ear infections?

Back 38

eustachian tube is shorter and wider than in adults and more horizontal so easier for patogens from nasopharynx to migrate to middle ear

Front 39

presbycusis

Back 39

hearing loss in older adults usually,
gradual sensorineural loss d/t nerve degeneration in inner ear, high frequency tones lost first

Front 40

causes of otitis media

Back 40

obstruction of eustachian tube, one of most common illnesses in childhood

Front 41

Darwin's tubercle

Back 41

external ear landmakr, small nodule at posterior helix

Front 42

normal position of ear in child

Back 42

top of pinna matches horizontal line to corner of eye
ear positioned within 10 degrees of vertical line (angled back)

Front 43

red or cloudy bulging eardrum can be signs of

Back 43

otitis media

Front 44

in a child younger than 3 or infant, pull ear.....

Back 44

straight down

Front 45

in adult when assessing inside ear pull ear....

Back 45

pull pinna up and back

Front 46

atresia

Back 46

absence/closure of ear canal

Front 47

otitis externa

Back 47

swimmers ear
infx of outer ear, prevent by using rubbing alcohol.
skin folds of ear plus moisture and hot weather can cause this
prevent by eardrops after swim/rubbing ETOH

Front 48

sebaceous cyst

Back 48

commonly behind lobule, large swollen nodule behind ear, indicates blocked sebaceous gland

Front 49

label parts of external ear

Back 49

Front 50

Label parts of inner/middle ear

Back 50

Front 51

what condition is this?

Back 51

sebaceous cyst

Front 52

What are these?

Back 52

tophi: whitish yellow hard nontender nodules filled with uric acid crystals...sign of gout