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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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violates the rules Fouls or errors |
fallacy |
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- Illogical conclusion, but not necessarily a false statement - Can be persuasive |
fallacy |
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often presented in the form of arguments |
ideas and claim |
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attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself |
ad hominem |
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- Occurs when an acceptance or rejection of a concept is rejected based on its source, not its merit |
ad hominem |
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using the threat of force or an undesirable event to advance an argument |
appeal to force |
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the idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it |
appeal to the popular |
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occur when a proposition is claimed to be true or good solely because many people believe it to be so |
bandwagon |
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the idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time |
appeal to the tradition |
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- Argumentum ad traditio |
appeal to the tradition |
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- Must be true because people have always believed it or done it |
appeal to the tradition |
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a complex idea can be conveyed with just a single still image, namely making it possible to absorb large amounts of data quickly
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begging the question |
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- Latin name, “petition principii” means assuming the initial point
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begging the question |
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- Is a logical fallacy in which the writer or speaker assumes the statement under examination to be true
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begging the question |
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-Using a premise to support itself |
begging the question |
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using emotion such as pity or sympathy |
Appeal to Emotion |
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-Occurs when a misleading argument, and particularly one that is unsound or missing factual evidence |
Appeal to Emotion |
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-Manipulating people’s emotion |
Appeal to Emotion |
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saying that because one event precedes another in time, it causes a second event |
Faulty Cause and Effect |
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- Also known as “correlation does not equal causation”
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Faulty Cause and Effect |
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-post hoc, ergo propter hoc |
Faulty Cause and Effect |
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assuming that what is true for a part is true for the whole |
Fallacy of Composition |
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are generally established truths, easily verified and do not easily change from one situation to another |
Facts |
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-Something that is consistent or can be proven with evidence |
Facts |
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are more subjective and may express certain views and belief |
Opinion |
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the personal views of the person presenting it |
Bias |
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-refers to tendencies or influence which affect the views of people |
Bias |
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-an unfair personal opinion that influences your judgment |
Bias |
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-the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way |
Bias |
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it refers to the tendency to look at a situation based on subjective standards or perspectives |
Cognitive Bias |
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tendency to judge a person’s personality by his or her actions, without regard for external factor or influences |
Correspondence Bias or Attribution effect |
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tendency to look for and readily accept information which fits with one’s own beliefs or views and to reject ideas or views that go against it |
Confirmation Bias |
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-is a type of cognitive bias that involves favoring information that confirms your previous existing beliefs or biases |
Confirmation Bias |
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- also influence how we interpret and recall information
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Confirmation Bias |
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is a common cognitive bias that involved the tendency of people to see events |
Hindsight |
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people decide on options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative semantics |
Framing |
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a person or group is connected to or has a vested interest in the issue being discussed |
Conflict of Interest |
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is the phenomenon of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards to one’s own culture |
Cultural Bias |
