Phil Exam 3

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Phenomenological Method

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return philosphy to experience/subjectivity (non facts, personal feelings, bias) there is an assumption that objectivity (facts) are more valuable than subjectivity. phenomonongy says the opposite. "world as experienced" since experience will give rise to facts.

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phenomenom

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appearance

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problem with science

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scientific picture of reality is no less than mystic/poetic/religious version of reality, each has a purpose, science should not claim that since it is subjective it is end all and the best. --every person.judge/scientists casts a judgement from a particular perspective. positions determine dby prior experiences

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purpose of phenomelogy

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-every objective fact is determined by consciosness, which it is coming from. facts connected to consciousness, objects determined by consciousness. consciousness is implied in object, if it wasnt for consciousness (person/subject) object wouldn't be there. phen undoes separation b/w objectvity and subjectivity. objectivity is actually a subjective experience. redirection of phil to experience, every "fact" comes from an act of consciousness. world of facts replaced by world of meaning-->meaning of objects are interwined and connnected with one another. our AOC presribe meaning to things

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Heidegger-Uncovering the question of Being

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little B Being-things that show up as meanginful-objects, specific beings
BBB-don't show up as meaningful, always remains absent because it is menagingless, nothingness, never revelas itself to consciousness.
-BBB conditions possibility of SBB, but BBB is nothing at all.

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BBB

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nothingness, radical absence of meaning. nothing of meaning is condition for possibility of nothing being there, coffee cup does ont really mean anything, menaing instead comes from our consciousness.

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person makes world

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we make the world what it is. circle is possible if and only there was a radical nothing to begin with, an absence of menaing. if the world menat something independent of us, than we wouldn;t create all the meaning in the world.

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Dasein

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there being, way in which humans exist. =US (human beings) intimacy with beings comes from Dasein, already being there.
-makes moods possible.

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Dasein continued

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outside of us there is no meaning at all, we come to realize this in moments of anxiety/stress. must recommit ourselves to find meaning.

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angst/dread

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moods that we dont put ourselves in awareness of BBB--> awareness of nothing, BBB does not appear through consciousness, encountered through experiences. reveals nothingness, Dasein faces its freedom.

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MP Question
(Q of first causes)

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method of inquiry can no longer be scientific in Q-these types of inquiries are inquiries about what is. to ask Q about radical absence must leave scientific analysis-existential analysis.

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What is Heidegger's main critique of Western Metaphysics?

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Heidegger’s main critique of Western Metaphysics is that it only asks the question of what is, and does not inquire into the possibilities of presence or being. Western Metaphysics does not ask the question of Big B Being, and also does not inquire into the first cause/reason. The purpose of metaphysics is to identify that which most fundamentally explains something about what we are trying to find. Metaphysics is also the discovery of things beyond the physical and here/now. While Western metaphysics is concerned about beings that are, in Heidegger’s view, true metaphysics explains the conditions of possibilities which makes being possible. Since western metaphysics fails to explore these questions, and only focuses on what is, Heidegger considers Western Metaphysics to be non metaphysical in nature.

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role of attunement in his project?

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Attunement represents the structure of human experience. We are usually attuned to nothing, but through us being attuned there are two things that can come to us; we are put in moods and as a result are able to sense the calling of Big B Being. Through attunement, humans are able to sense Big B Being, while inanimate objects or animals are unable to. Attunement explains us being able to sense the call of being. We don’t influence being, but by being attuned, being influences us. Attunement also makes it so that we find ourselves in a mood, like anxiety or dread, without putting ourselves there. We have the possibilities of being in moods, because we are attuned to beings. Experiencing moods is important since moods give us information about Big B Being that we would not receive through scientific inquiry.

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angst/dread

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we become aware of nothing, everything seems meangingless and tragic-nothing seems justifiable, come to terms with how meaningless everything would be, without applying our own significance to choices/life.

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freedom of consciousness

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maintains meanging in our life-human freedom allows us to make choices that have meaning for us.
-->radical nothing makes possible human freedom. @ end of day Dasein can make something out of nothing.
freedom=starting from a blank state. we can chose happiness over sadness, we are radically free so that we chose to value life over death, happiness over sadness, make a choice to live this way.

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unqie about being in a mood

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we find ourselves in a particular mood, we dont put ourselves here, unexplainable places we find ourselves in. moods are ways in which BBB come aware to us. being is seeking ourselves out, we already attuned so that we can be put in moods and hear BBB call. (which is nothingness)

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quote about suspense

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vertigo- suspended in undefined/undifferentiated circumstances-cannot define up/down-skiing-suspension of meaning, everything floating between right and wrong/life and death.
angst-put in suspense-life and death are on the same plane, which one is more important? abillity to make decision is in suspense

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Sartre-Being of Nothingness. Q: What is Being?
A: Nothing

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access beings through consciousness. being=that which appears to consciousness. beings show up in three modes...

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Being in itself

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(object-marker) cannot create image of itself-has no self, no self interest. being of object is in itself-being trapped initself.

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Being for itself

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human consciousness-we have a self- we have the ability to make ourselves appear to ourselves.
-the identity we create for ourselves-create identity through the choices that we make. we can distances ourselves from ourselves to understand who we are.
-consciousness for itself-have the ability to turn our eyes on self-sense of who I am.
-->testifies to our freedom, since we can create anything of ourselves we desire.

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freedoma nd being for itself

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we give ourselves an identity through the choices that we make. students create identity for self through the choices that we make. change identity by making different choices. testifies to our freedom

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Being for others

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also consciousness
-you are regarding me in a particular way, which is radically different from how i see myself-we create being for others, but dont realy know how others see ourselves -testifies to our non freedome, we cannot contrl how others see us

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being itself, being for itself, being for others

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3 modes in which BBB makes itself available to consciousness. manifistations for consciousness.

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for itself

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consciousness-being for itself.
consciosness=free, ability to turn in on itself, I am who I am because of the choices that I make.

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others

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we live in a world populated by others consciousness, always subjective to an interpretation of different objects, make others object (like teacher) that fit into our world. identity that others create for me, still must claim this identity even though I dont get to make it.

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others

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not free to make, can try to influence how others percieve us, but @ end of day, have no regard how other peple regard us. even in what rejection of what others think-this is still recognizing that the identity is there. still ackowledge this identity

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tension/conflict

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tension/conflict between being for self & others, every type of human interaction we have represents this tension.

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phenomonology/empiricism
(similar but not the same)

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Empiricism (Locke/Hume)-experience, through percetions/sensation. physical-->mental ideas. knowledge of external world comes through experience

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Cartesian Dualism

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subject of experience & object of experience are different-separation between mind and body. Descrates-casts everything into doubt, (I think therefore I am) but since he thinks he exists, he exists as a mind.

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Dualism

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Mind-subject of experience
Body-object of experience
-existence of mind doe snot tell him anything about status of body. physical substance still remains to be proven, even though I know I exist in the form of a mind. no necc connections or interaction. Duality=argument between rationalists and empirisicts.

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Phenomonelogy

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experience-every experience has a particular structure=intentionality-->subject of experience is not separate from object of experience. object cannot be abstracted without subject.

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continued because I was afraid I might lose my work
(phen)

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object of subject=appearance of consciousness. experience=organic whole-conscious of & conscious for (no separation between subject of experience & object of experience, wheras in Dualism there are 2 separate realms)
no separation-phen gets rid of dualisms separation (Tamika-mirror-one organic whole)
-object of experience has subject in it, vise versa.
phen-as long as there is experience

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how does phen change Descartes problem of the external world?

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remains unsolved, but becomes a problem phil no longer needs to solve-doesnt matter if external world exists (like brain in vats)

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given the structure of intentionality how does phen destrory cartesian dualism?

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intentionality=structring of every experience we have
-phen replaces dualism with one whole.

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how does angst/dread reveal the freedom of deison?

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connection between agst & freedom-angst-->enter into nothingness, during these times we find we are free to give the objects in our lives meaning.

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explain the tension between "being for itself" and "being for others"

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for itself-what we create-our freedom, how we want to present ourselves-our identity
being for others-how others see us, we can try to influence this identity but dont really have any control over, it-our non freedom.