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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the early Greek philosophers presented an early version of the argument that human beings evolved from other animals?
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Anaximander
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Which classical Greek philosopher discussed the possibility of women ruling over cities and nations?
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Perictyone
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Some classical Greek philosophers conceived of reality as a single ordered and lawful whole -- the term they used to express this notion was
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cosmos
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Who made the typically Sophist claim that "man is the measure of all things"?
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Protagoras
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What was the order in which Socrates, Aristotle and Plato learned from one another?
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Socrates taught Plato; Plato's school is where Aristotle studied.
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Western philosophy could be said to begin on May 28, 585 B.C.E., when an eclipse of the sun was successfully predicted. This was a prediction made on the assumption that an eclipse could be regarded as part of a larger, law-abiding world that could be subject to calculation and understood without reference to the intervention of gods. Who made this prediction?
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Thales
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An early Greek cosmologist who suggested that all things are composed of four elements (earth, air, fire and water) that underwent reconfiguration on the basis of two opposing forces (love/attraction and strife/repulsion) was:
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Empedocles
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What is the term that refers to philosophical theories of knowledge and truth?
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epistemology
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Who introduced the principle of "harmonia" into classical Greek philosophical thought, arguing that the real or ideal state of things is one in which individual elements of anything are arranged in a kind of harmony with one another?
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Pythagoras
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In Plato's depiction of Socrates, what is the format of the Socratic method -- i.e., what is the means by which Socrates seeks to make his arguments?
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dialectic
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An early Greek cosmologist who suggested that the arche was water was:
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Thales
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The early Greek philosophers Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes all lived in the Greek colony of Miletus where they may have had more frequent encounters with foreigners and where there was a less elaborate priesthood that would have been found within Greece; these two factors that may have prompted their philosophizing. What was the location of Miletus?
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in what today is Turkey
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What is the term used in this text to refer to philosophical theories of values?
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aesthetics
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Who was the first of the Greek Cosmologists to make an argument about the character of the universe (i.e., the macrocosm) based upon the human body (i.e., the microcosm) as a model?
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Anaximenes
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Who argued that human happiness and flourishing ("eudaimonia" in Greek) was dependent upon virtue, i.e., the exercise of reason?
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Aristotle
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Plato regarded a particular form of knowledge as being beyond dispute, and consequently it refuted in Plato's mind the claims of Sophists who asserted that any point of view could be argued persuasively. This is demonstrated in the fact that Plato mentions this form of knowledge in an inscription over the entrance to his Academy, which read that no one could enter without having this kind of knowledge. What kind of knowledge was this?
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knowledge of the movements of water
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Which of the early Greek cosmologists argued that the entire world is composed of "atoms and the void"?
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Anaxagoras
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Who argued that human beings have a tripartite soul, made up of a part that feels desires without concern for consequences, a reasoning part that is able to regulate the acts that would have been prompted by desires, and a "spirited" part?
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Plato
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Which of the early Greek cosmologists argued that everything is made up of collections of seeds or germs that follow motion according to the "Nous," or "mind," on the basis of which the "telos" ("end" or "purpose") of all motion is stipulated?
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Anaxagoras
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In the dialogue entitled Meno, Plato portrays Socractes as demonstrating that there is a slave boy, who has never received an education in a particular form of knowledge, nevertheless can be shown, in Socrates's view, to "remember" something he had known all along. What kind of knowledge was this?
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knowledge of geometry
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Who argued that fire could be regarded as an image of the arche but that it was not the arche itself; that the world is more profoundly characterized by change than anything else; and that there was an underlying rationality to the cosmos that he termed "logos?"
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Heraclitus
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Where was philosophy established by 500 B.C.E.?
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All of the Above
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What, according to Buddhist thought, is the name of the continuous cycle of reincarnation that all are subject to until they achieve liberation?
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samsara
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Archaeologists believe Native Americans arrived by:
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land bridge
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The oldest surviving book, The Instructions of Ptah-hotep comes from:
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Africa
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Who wrote the Analects?
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Confucius
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Who rejected the life of a prince for the life of an ascetic?
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Siddhartha Gautama
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What metaphor is used among the Akan people of West Africa to describe the manner in which human beings can have interests that are in common as well as conflicting interests?
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a crocodile with two heads and one stomach
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Which of the following is known for monotheism?
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The Hebrews
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Nirvana is the blowing out of
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desire
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From which text is the following excerpted: "When we pursue knowledge, acquiring more is the goal. When we pursue wisdom, simplicity is the path."
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The Tao Te Ching
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Confucianism and Taoism are both native to
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China
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Egyptian pharaohs were thought to be:
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all of the above
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Who lived in the Eastern Han Empire and has been called the foremost woman scholar of China?
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Pan Chao
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The pyramids were built as
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burial places
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