Pharmacology

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Drug name listed in US Pharmacopoeia

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Official Name

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Cranial and spinal nerves

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Somatic Nervous System

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Body is relaxed and not in immediate danger

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Parasympathetic Nerve System

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Feed and Breed

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The adrenergic neurotransmitter

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Norepinephrine

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The cholinergic neurotransmitter

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Acetylcholine

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Drug that binds to a receptor to block a response

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Antagonist

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Ability of one drug to limit the physiologic function of another drug

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Interference

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Drug that is harmful to a fetus

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Teratogen

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Name, classification, mechanism of action, and indications of drug

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Drug Profile

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How a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted

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Pharmacokinetics

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How a drug interacts with the body to cause its effects

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Pharmacodynamics

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The ____ test determines the amount and purity of a given chemical in a preparation

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Assay

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Drug legislation passed in 1906 to protect public from adulterated or mislabeled drugs

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Pure Food and Drug Act

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Law that Scheduled drugs

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Controlled Substances Act of 1970

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Schedule of drug that has no accepted medical indications

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Schedule I

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Six Rights

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1. Right Patient

2. Right Drug

3. Right Dose

4. Right Route

5. Right Time

6. Right Documentation

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Medication packages containing single dose for a single patient

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Dose packaging

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The liver's partial or complete inactivation of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation

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First-pass Effect

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Protective barrier of tightly adhered cells in brain

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Blood-Brain Barrier

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Many cell layers designed to protect the fetus

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Placental Barrier

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Drug administration that passes through the GI tract

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Enteral Route

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Drug administration that does NOT pass through GI tract

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Parenteral Route

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Drug is placed between cheek and gum

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Buccal route

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Two drugs being given together that both have the same effect is known as:

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Summation

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If a patient believes a drug will have a given effect, they are much more likely to perceive that effect

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Placebo effect

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The study of drugs and their interactions with the body

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Pharmacology

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The measure of the amount of drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue

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Bioavailability

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The specific name given to the metabolism of drugs

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Biotransformation

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Medication that is not active when administered but whose biotransformation converts it into active metabolites

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Prodrug

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Most drugs operate by binding to a(n):

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receptor

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The process of binding a drug or hormone to a receptor, thus decreasing the number of receptors

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down-regulation

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Cell increases number of receptors exposed to it to improve sensitivity

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Up-regulation

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Drug that binds to receptor and causes the expected response

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Agonist

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Unintended response to a drug

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Side Effect

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Drug effect that is unique to an individual

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Idiosyncrasy

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Rapidly occurring tolerance to a drug

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Tachyphylaxis

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The ratio of a drug's lethal dose for 50% of the population to its effective dose for 50% of the population

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Therapeutic index

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The time the body takes to clear one half of a drug

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Biological half-life

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The lengths of onset, duration, and termination of action, as well as the drug's minimum effective concentration and toxic level

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Plasma level profile