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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 functional areas of pharmacology: |
1. pharmacokinetics 2. pharmacodynamics |
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1. absorption 2. distribution 3. metabolism |
pharmacokinetics |
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absorption 2 primary routes: |
1. enteral administration 2. parental administration |
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through the alimentary canal (GIT) |
enteral administration |
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oral sublingual rectal |
enteral administration |
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not through the alimentary canal |
parental administration |
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inhalation injection (IV, IM, intra-arterial, subcutaneous) topical (ointment) transdermal (patch) |
parental administration |
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fast absorption (peripheral veins) |
intravenous injection |
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deltoid vastus lateralis g. max (low absorption of increase fat) |
intramuscular injection |
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diagnostic procedure (dangerous d/t increase pressure) |
intra-arterial injection |
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local response (allergic to drugs) |
subcutaneous injection |
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drug molecules that will always bind to a specific protein |
distribution (pharmacokinetics) |
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albumin |
distribution (pharmacokinetics) |
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most abundant serum protein |
albumin |
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made in the liver |
albumin |
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distribution (pharmacokinetics) Ex. Warfarin |
99.5% protein bound |
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bioavailability |
distribution (pharmacokinetics) |
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percentage of drug molecule that reaches the blood stream |
bioavailability |
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bioavailability ex. 100g aspirin= 50g |
50% bioavailability |
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process of breaking down of the drug molecules |
metabolism |
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first pass |
metabolism |
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liver-> "enzyme" for breakdown |
first pass |
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the drug molecule before entering into the systemic circulation it should pass first the LIVER |
first pass |
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decreasing the effect of the drugs |
Liver enzyme |
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Liver enzyme decreasing the effect of the drugs ex. |
inderal=70% effect (bioavailability) |
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inactive - active form |
Liver enzyme |
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inactive - active form ex: |
prodrug |
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main site: kidneys |
elimination (Pharmacokinetics) |
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half-life |
elimination (Pharmacokinetics) |
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amount of time required for the remaining 50% of drug molecules to be elimated |
half-life (elimination) |
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ex. half of biogesic 2 hrs half of antibiotics 3 hrs |
half-life (elimination) |
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action of the drugs on the body |
pharmacodynamics |
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2 drug receptors in pharmacodynamics: |
1. agonist drugs 2. antagonist drugs |
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bind to a specific receptor + activate / stimulate |
agonist drugs (pharmacodynamics) |
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bind to a specific receptor + block/ deacivate |
antagonist drugs (pharmacodynamics) |
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medication for GERD: |
1. proton pump inhibitor (PPI) 2. Histamin 2 (H2) receptor blocker 3. antacids |
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inhibit the H+, K+, ATPase enzyme |
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (GERD) |
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proton pump= responsible for the formation of the gastric acid |
H+, K+, ATPase enzyme |
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blocks the production of the gastric acid |
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (GERD) |
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medication ending in "-zole" |
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (GERD) |
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ex. omeprazole pantaprazole lansoprazole |
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (GERD) |
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inhibits the H2 receptors |
Histamin 2 (H2) receptor blocker (GERD) |
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stimulates a specific receptor from the parietal cell to increase the release of the gastric acid |
H2 receptors |
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decrease the release of the gastric acid |
Histamin 2 (H2) receptor blocker (GERD) |
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medication ending with "-tidine" |
Histamin 2 (H2) receptor blocker (GERD) |
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ex. ranitidine (zantac) cimetidine (tagamet) famotidine (pepcid) |
Histamin 2 (H2) receptor blocker (GERD) |
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neutralizes the gastric acid |
antacids |
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antacid + HCL= |
H2O+ salt |
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Ex. maalox mylanta tums |
antacid |
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lower cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-COA reductase |
statin |
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statin drug report t the doctor if: |
(+) muscle pain |
