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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
perception
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the process through which we become aware of our environment by attending, organizing, and interpreting evidence from our senses also our environment.
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elements of perception
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attention, organizing, interpretation
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attention
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determines what you are going to perceive, selectively focusing on some stimuli and ignoring other stimuli.
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filter theory
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in order to attend you have to block out irrelevant stimuli so that you can attend.
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dichotomy listening
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the presentation of two different messages at the same time. you have to ignore the meaning of one message and attend to the other.
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dichotic listening easy to do with three exceptions
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1. similarity of information
2. similarity in the physical properties of the message. 3. similarity in the level of the meaningful Ness in the message. |
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stoop effect
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you have to ignore the meaning of the word and attend to the task.
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conclusion
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perception is a selective active process that is influenced by external and internal factors.
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movement
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human beings are very sensitive to movement in the environment for example flickering lights.
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external factors that direct your attention
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1. intensity and size
2. contrast and novelty 3. repetition 4. movement |
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intensity and size
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the louder the sound you will get people's attention.
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contrast and novelty
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a new or novel stimulus that stands out from or contrast with the background will often grab ones attention. ex: large objects will stand out over smaller objects. background events are processed if they are novel and important. both the onset and termination of a stimulus can cause you to attend.
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repition
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a stimulus that's repeated has a better chance of catching ones attention.
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internal factors that direct your attention
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1. motives and needs
2. preparatory set 3. interest 4. emotional state and personality |
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motives and needs
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people who are hungry, thirsty, or sexually aroused are more likely to pay attention to events in the environment that will satisfy those needs. ex commercials for buy one get one.
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preparatory set
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a person's readiness to respond to one kind of sensory input but not the other kinds.
2 sources prior experience with material temporary or enduring mood ex old woman young woman |
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interest
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what you are interested in directs your attention.
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emotional state and personality
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the way you perceive things.
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perceptual organization
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the process of combining sensory input into perceptual objects.
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gestalt
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whole/pattern we perceptually organize our world 3 ways
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we perceptually organize our world 3 ways
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1. perceptual grouping we perceive stimuli into meaningful whole or pattern
2. you will see organization patterns and not clusters of isolate stimuli. 3. we will all do this according to the 7 laws of perceptual organization. we all do the same thing. |
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7 laws of perceptual organization
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1. law of figure and ground
2. law of proximity or nearness 3. law of similarity or likeness 4. law of closure 5. law of continuity 6. law of symmetry 7. law of common fate |
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law of figure and ground
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we perceive stimuli standing out against the background. figures are the words against the background notebook. auditory figure and ground ex cocktail party phenomenon. reversal figure and ground relationship objects are shaped that they can be seen as either the figure or the ground.
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