Pediatrics Exam 1

Front 1

____ is considered the leading cause of neonatal death in the United States.

Back 1

LBW (low birth weight), which is closely related to early gestational age

Front 2

____ are the leading cause of death in children over age 1 year, with the majority being ____

Back 2

Injuries

motor vehicle accident (MVA) injuries.

Front 3

____are the leading cause of death in children ages 5 to 9 because this age group have the ability to run and climb and may experience falls, burns, and collisions.

Back 3

Unintentional injuries and accidents

Front 4

Birth weight of less than 2,500 grams or 5.5 pounds in considered ____. It is associated with higher neonatal mortality rate in the United States when compared with other countries. The lower the birth weight, the higher the mortality rate.

Back 4

low birth weight (LBW).

Front 5

_____ is recommended for consumption to prevent tooth decay.

Back 5

Always drinking fluoridated water

Front 6

The ____ the child knows of his adoption status, the better.

Back 6

earlier

Generally, older children display anger and sadness.

Front 7

Many religions believe in supernatural causes and cures of diseases. Many ___ people wear amulets and necklaces, which they believe ward off evil and protect a person from evil eye and diseases.

Back 7

Mexican

Front 8

Many traditional ____ people avoid direct eye contact as a sign of respect.

Back 8

Chinese

Front 9

The term ___ connotes an oblique or asymmetric head;

Back 9

plagiocephaly

Front 10

____ is a condition in which the infant has an oblique or asymmetric head. The fontanels in the skull of an infant are not closed, which makes the skull pliable. The posterior occiput flattens over time if the infant is placed on his or her back during sleep. This leads to the development of an atypical bald spot, asymmetric distortion of the skull, and tightening of sternocleidomastoid muscle leads to torticollis in the infant.

Back 10

Positional plagiocephaly

Front 11

Liquid iron supplements may stain the teeth, so the nurse should advise the parents to administer the liquid iron supplement ____

Back 11

with a dropper toward the back of the mouth.

Front 12

Apnea, pallor, cyanosis, change in muscle tone, and gagging are apparent life-threatening events. Infants with an apparent life-threatening event are at higher risk for ___

Back 12

SIDS.

Front 13

Not sleeping properly, refusing to eat solid foods, biting on hard objects, and sucking on fingers continuously are all signs of _____. The child feels discomfort as the crown of the tooth breaks through the periodontal membrane.

Back 13

teething

Front 14

An adjuvant is found in some vaccines to increase the body's immune response. Adjuvant-containing vaccines should be given deep into the ___ to prevent local reactions.

Back 14

muscle

Front 15

At ____, the child should be self-feeding. Because children this age eat primarily finger foods, it is useful to offer the parent suggestions for keeping the mess to a minimum.

Back 15

12 months

Front 16

Apnea of infancy has been diagnosed in an infant who will soon be discharged with home monitoring. What should the parents be taught?

Back 16

CPR

Front 17

Which activity of a 10-month-old infant indicates the development of object permanence?

Back 17

Looking for a hidden object that the infant had seen earlier

Front 18

A child who already attended daycare can easily mingle with a new environment and can adjust to ____ differences.

Back 18

sociocultural

Front 19

The nurse is caring for a toddler who is hospitalized. The nurse finds that the toddler is afraid of the new environment and gets cranky. What does the nurse tell the parents to do to make the toddler comfortable?

Back 19

Give appropriate play objects to the child for comfort.

Front 20

Stuttering is common during the age of 2 to 5 years. This is the period when children speak faster than they can produce the words. This failure of sensorimotor integration leads to stuttering. However, parents should be reassured that it usually resolves in childhood. Stuttering is more common in boys than girls. It is not caused due to bacterial infection or deviated nasal septum or hearing problems.

Back 20

Nursing

Front 21

A ____-year-old child should be able to make complete sentences with six to eight words. The inability of the child to make complete sentences indicates that the child has slow language development.

Back 21

5

Front 22

A nurse is presenting a class on injury prevention to parents of preschoolers. Which injuries should the nurse identify as occurring in this age group? Select all that apply.

Back 22

Falls Drowning Poisoning Tricycle and bicycle accidents

Front 23

A child suffering from ____ has the symptoms of nasal discharge, skin rashes, and a protruding neck. Penicillin G (Pfizerpen) is prescribed as treatment for this.

Back 23

diphtheria

Front 24

A child infected with ____ may have a slapped face appearance. It is called erythema infectiosum; it affects the blood cells, leading to a decrease in the ____and possibly leading to ___.

Back 24

human parvovirus (HPV) B19

platelet count

thrombocytopenia

Front 25

The nurse preparing a nutritional teaching plan for the parents of a preschool child should include which information?

Back 25

The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity

Front 26

The nurse is caring for a child with high fever, flushed cheeks, and a swollen red tongue. What are the probable complications the child may have during treatment?

Back 26

Acute rheumatic fever

Front 27

____ is a form of medical child abuse where the primary health care providers are misled by parents. The parents exaggerate the child's symptoms and history, and the child undergoes physical, emotional, or psychological abuse.

Back 27

Munchausen syndrome by proxy

Front 28

Antipruritic medicines such as ____are useful for severe itching,

Back 28

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Front 29

Based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is one basic concept a child is expected to attain during the first year of life?

Back 29

object permanence

Front 30

When the nurse finds three or more minor defects in an infant, the nurse should ____

Back 30

suspect a possible underlying syndrome after notifying the primary health care provider.

Front 31

_____ is given to the child by a parent when the child cannot maintain body temperature outside the uterine environment. It helps provide thermal regulation.

Back 31

Kangaroo care

Front 32

____ is a disorder of impaired phenylalanine metabolism. Because milk acts as an environmental trigger for this condition, the nurse instructs the child to stay away from milk products.

Back 32

Phenylketonuria

Front 33

The nurse finds that an infant with a cleft palate is at risk for obstructive apnea. Which associated findings does the nurse expect? Select all that apply.

Back 33

Recessed mandible

Abnormally placed tongue

Front 34

____ is play that is organized; children play in a group with other children and plan activities for purposes of accomplishing an end.

Back 34

Cooperative play

Front 35

____ play occurs when children play independently but among other children. ____ play is described as play in which children watch but make no attempt to enter into play with other children.

Back 35

Parallel

Onlooker

Front 36

During ____ play, the child plays in coordination with other children and strives to win the game.

Back 36

associative

Front 37

The neonate has hypothermia, and therefore the nurse instructs the mother to perform kangaroo care, in which the unclothed infant is placed on the mother’s bare chest. This ensures improved thermoregulation and improves the complications of hypothermia. The presence of metabolic acidosis is a symptom of hypothermia. Hypoglycemia is caused by hypothermia in the infant. The normal weight of a healthy neonate at birth is approximately 7.5 lbs. By one year of age, the infant’s weight normally triples to 21 lbs.

Back 37

Nursing

Front 38

___—Conception to ≈2 weeks

____—2 to 8 weeks

____—8 to 40 weeks (birth)

___—Birth to 27 or 28 days

____—1 to ≈12 months

____—1 to 3 years

____—3 to 6 years

____—10 to 13 years

____—13 to ≈18 years

Back 38

Germinal

Embryonic

Fetal

Neonatal

Infancy

Toddler

Preschool

Prepubertal

Adolescence

Front 39

During ____, development in motor activities is assessed by watching the child walk and climb.

____ is when rapid motor, cognitive, and social development is seen. In ____, children develop skill competence.

Back 39

early childhood (1-6years)

Infancy (0–12 months)

middle childhood (6–12 years)

Front 40

Children belonging to non-Western cultures are taught to ____when being addressed by an adult. This behavior is considered as a sign of respect and politeness.

Back 40

avert their gaze and to look down

Front 41

The judicious use of ____ has decreased the number of unnecessary visits, allowing time for improved care. Health care costs have decreased because of fewer visits to emergency departments.

Back 41

telephone triage

Front 42

To assess the lymph nodes in the head and neck, the nurse tilts the child's head ___

Back 42

upward slightly but without tensing the sternocleidomastoid or trapezius muscles.

Front 43

Superficial palpation of the abdomen is often perceived by the child as tickling. Which measure by the nurse is most likely to minimize this sensation and promote relaxation?

Back 43

Having the child "help" with palpation by placing his or her hand over the palpating hand

Front 44

Children____ are egocentric and see things only through their point of view. Children can effectively use their hands to communicate ideas better than words. The child's pushing unwanted objects away; pulling the nurse to show off play items, and covering the mouth of the mother indicate that the child is in the early childhood stage.

Back 44

younger than 5 years of age

Front 45

In a child older than 7 years of age, the location of the apical impulse is at ___

Back 45

the left midclavicular region and fifth intercostal space.

Front 46

Deficiency of____causes symptoms such as tiredness and fatigue, pale skin, sore tongue, bleeding gums, stomach upset, rapid heartbeat, and mood swings.

Back 46

vitamins B6 and B12

Front 47

Muscle weakness, anemia, neurological damage, and alopecia are the primary symptoms due to the deficiency of ____

Back 47

vitamin E.

Front 48

There are a myriad of tests that are performed to assess vision. The nurse should assess for the __2__to determine ocular alignment.

Back 48

corneal light reflex [1], [2] or conduct a cover test

Front 49

In ____, one eye deviates from the point of fixation.

Back 49

strabismus, or cross-eye

Front 50

If strabismus is not detected and corrected by age 4 to 6 years, blindness from disuse, known as ____, may result.

Back 50

amblyopia

Front 51

Long-term deficiency of____ causes symptoms like flaking and scaling skin, as well as night blindness

Back 51

vitamin A

Front 52

Delayed wound healing, dental problems and muscle aches are the signs and symptoms of ____ deficiency.

Back 52

vitamin C

Front 53

__—Increased rate

__—Decreased rate

__—Distress during breathing

__—Cessation of breathing

__—Increased depth

__—Decreased depth (shallow) and irregular rhythm

__—Increased rate and depth

Back 53

Tachypnea

Bradypnea

Dyspnea

Apnea

Hyperpnea

Hypoventilation

Hyperventilation

Front 54

___ breath sounds can only be heard over the trachea near the suprasternal notch. These breath sounds have a ___ inspiratory phase and a __ expiratory phase.

Back 54

Bronchial

short

long

Front 55

Stabbing and burning sensations in the arms and legs are symptoms of neuropathic pain. ____ is prescribed for the treatment of neuropathic pain, which is associated with cancer.

Back 55

Amitriptyline

Front 56

The combination of ____provides anesthesia within 10 to 15 minutes of application.

Back 56

lidocaine, adrenaline, and tetracaine

LAT

Front 57

Temper tantrums are common during the toddler years and essentially represent the normal growth and development of the child. The nurse should instruct the parents to be calm and tell the child in a polite and positive way why the child cannot have what is desired.

Back 57

Nursing

Front 58

The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child with delayed motor development. The nurse notes that the child stands with a wide base. What does the nurse interpret from this finding?

Back 58

Impaired balance of the body

Front 59

A major problem in the toddler age-group is separation anxiety. This happens when parents leave for periods of time either because work, day care, or hospitalization. The nurse should observe the child carefully and try to alleviate the toddler's fears. One important intervention is ___

Back 59

to provide transitional objects for the child to make him or her feel comfortable.

Blanket, book, bear, etc

Front 60

The nurse is observing a child who is sitting on the parent's lap. The child is able to speak one word completely. What does the nurse interpret from the observation? The child:

Back 60

is probably about 12 months old

Front 61

Adolescents should be vaccinated against hepatitis B at this age if not done previously. ____are necessary to achieve immunity. The recommendation is that the hepatitis B vaccine series be started at birth.

Back 61

Three doses

Front 62

Blood loss due to menstruation causes ____in adolescents. Therefore, the nurse should advise the patient to take __2__to improve the levels of hemoglobin.

Back 62

iron-deficiency anemia

iron-rich food or iron pills

Front 63

Antihypertensive drugs such as calcium channel blockers can induce ____

Back 63

gynecomastia, or enlargement of the breast.