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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. List the possible causes of congenital anomalies
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Can be Genetic, Nongenetic (drugs, infection, trauma etc.) or a mixture of the two.
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2. Discuss the purpose and procedure of amniocentesis.
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Taking a amniotic fluid sample between 15-18 weeks of pregnancy to test cells for chromosomal abnormalities or abnormal substances (that can lead to birth defects)
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3. Discuss genetic disorders and syndromes
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Result from abnormality in one of the autosomes (homologous pairs - 22 regular non-sex chromosomes)
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4. Trace fetal circulation.
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50% travels through the liver, the rest bypasses the lungs and goes to the rest of the body. The fetus has 2 arteries (waste out) and 1 vein (blood in). The furmamen ovale closes after birth.
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5. Describe the condition of prematurity.
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Birth before 37 weeks gestation, low weight (less than 5lb 8oz), incomplete development of organ systems.
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5a. What are the associated disorders of prematurity?
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IRDS (Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
BPD (Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - lung disease) ROP (Retinopathy of prematurity) NEC (Necrotizing entercolitis) |
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6. Distinguish between muscular dystrophy and cerebral palsy.
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CP - congenital, nonprogressive paralysis. Affects motor performance (floppy or stiff muscles). Caused by inadequate blood or oxygen supply. Supportive treatement.
MD - Progressive degeneration and weaking of skeletal muscles. Caused by a genetic defect (absence of a necessary protein) Caused by X gene. |
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7. Describe patent ductus arteriosus.
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Ductus arteriosus doesn't close after birth, causes mild to fatal cardiac stress. There's an opening between the arteries.
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8. Name and describe the most common congenital cyanotic cardiac defect.
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Ventricular Septal Defect (an opening between the ventricles)
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9. List the major clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis.
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Both parents are carriers (hereditary autosomal recessive) Causes chronic dysfunction of the glands (produces a lot of mucus that attacks the lungs and digestive system)
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11. Describe the clinical condition of congenital rubella syndrome.
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Caused when Mother becomes exposed to Rubella (German Measles), especially during 1st trimester. Can result in birth defects (heart disease, blindness, deafness, mental retardation)
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10. Distinguish between Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner's syndrome.
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Klinefelter - occurs when 2 X Chromosomes and one or more Y are present. Testes are undeveloped, requires testosterone treatments.
Turner - loss of one X chromosome during development. Ovaries undeveloped, requires estrogen hormones. Infertile. |
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12. Discuss the treatment of asthma.
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Medication to relax and widen bronchi and relieve mucus production.
Inhalation therapy for severe attacks. Allergy evaluation (desensitization injections) Avoiding triggers |
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13. List the symptoms and signs of anemia.
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Weakness, Listlessness, Jaundice, mental sluggishness, palpitations and tachycardia.
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13a. Describe the pathology of leukemia.
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Cancer of blood-forming tissues (abnormal increase in white blood cells). Causes an decreased immune system, prolonged bleeding on injury and decreased red blood cells resulting in anemia.
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14. Explain the etiology of erythroblastosis fetalis.
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A blood disease in a newborn, caused by a blood incompatibility. (Rh- mother and Rh+ child) the blood attacks each other.
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15. Name some warning signs of lead poisoning.
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Headache, irritability, fatigue, behavior change, stomach/muscle/joint pain.
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16. Describe the infant born with fetal alcohol syndrome.
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Below average weight and length, small head, small, wide-spaced eyes, thin upper lip, short nose on a flat face.
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