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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some general characteristics of Nematodes?
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1. elongate body.
2. Not segmented 3. Body covering is a cuticle for maintaing shape. |
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Two modes of reproduction in nematodes.
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Ovovivparous; eggs
Larviparous; larva |
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What are the life cycle stages?
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1. Egg
2. 4 larval stages 3. Immature adult (L5) 4. Adult |
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Name the three ways a nematode is transmitted.
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1. Direct life cycle
2. Indirect life cycle 3. Developmental arrest |
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What is the order of Threadworms?
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Rhabditida
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Which major parasite is included in this order?
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Strongyloides spp.
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Which sex is parasitic?
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female
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What is unique about the life cycle?
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they have a free-living phase and a parasitic phase of life cycle.
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Definitive hosts?
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Most mammals. (cattle, sheep, donkeys, horses, primates, human, cat, dog, fox, pig)
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Transmammory infection occurs in which animal species?
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pigs, horses, cattle
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Strongyloides cont'd
Give the three stages of infection for this nematode. |
Invasive; penetration of skin
Pulmonary; bronchial pneumonia Intestinal; bloody diarrhea |
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Which larval stage is the infective form?
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L3 (always in nematodes)
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Diagosis; how is Strongyloides spp. diagnosed?
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rarely in eggs. Rhabditiform or filiform larva in feces. ELISA test.
Baermann technique. Sedimentation. |
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Treatment?
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Ivermectin (may need to repeat)
Thiabendazole |
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What does ELISA stand for?`
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Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
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Which animal species acquires a prenatal infection from Strongyloides spp.?
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pigs
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How does this nematode effect humans?
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autoinfection, hyperinfection
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Order Strongylida
Scientific name for Large Strongyles? |
Strongylus vulgaris
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Identify the adult worm.
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Dk. reddish gray. prominent stoma, w. cuticular fringe, buccal capsule, 2 prominent teeth, Copulatory bursa.
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Both male and female have copulatory bursa, but how do they differ?
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The female has spicules, and the male has finger-like projections.
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DH?
IH? |
Horses
None |
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where is the infection site for the adult worm?
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Cecum and colon
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Where is the infection site for the larva? Specifically L3 and L4?
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wall of sm. intestine, cecum.
L3; colon L4; Mesenteric artery |
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Main importance with infection from this nematode?
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colic
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Life cycle of Strongyloides vulgaris
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Morulated eggs hatch in feces.
L1 hatch in 1-2 days. Molt to L3 in 1 wk. L3 ingested, penetrated gut wall, molt to L4. L4 migrates to Cr. Mesenteric artery (2-3) months L4 or L5 ->walls of cecum L5-> gut wall and mature |
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Pathogenesis of Strongylus vulgaris
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Caused by larvae.
Colic. Nodules in gut wall. Ulceration of gut wall. Thrombi and emboli formation. Fibrosis of arteries. |
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Diagnosis
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Eggs;Fecal flotation
Larvae; Baermann technique |
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Treatment for Strongylus vulgaris
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Benzimidazoles, Ivermectin, Fenbendazole
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