Cercoza - Paulinella chromatophora The spectacle of endosymbiosis is the ability of one organism to live within another, changing and influencing the evolution of life, and shaping the ecology of countless species. Endosymbionts and their hosts typically represent distinct domains of life. The origin of primary plastid is traced back to a single primary endosymbiosis where a non-photosynthetic protist engulfs a photosynthetic cyanobacteria as cytoplasmic organelles. Plastids and the mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic cells that derived from bacterial endosymbionts through the invasion and enslavement of synergistic amalgamation. The descendants of the primitive photosynthetic eukaryotes made way for the rise of green, red, and glaucophyte
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The filose amoeba is a member of the phylum, Cercoza, which is distantly related to organisms bearing relations to primary plastids. Paulinella cells in a lucid shell made of silica scales, moving at the bottom of the fresh water floor. The organisms are unique due to the presence of one-or two blue-green rod shaped chromatophores in the cytoplasm. The chromatophore of Paulinella shares similar characteristics with the cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus, such as having a thick peptidoglycan wall, and performance of binary fission similarly. Therefore, the idea of Paulinella chromatophore is thought to be an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium, that relies on survival by staying within the host. The Paulinella chromatophore is unable to live outside of the host, and instead, within the host, divides, and passes on to daughter cells. To go into more depth, when the cell dives, one is …show more content…
The infective juvenile stage, was found communicate a definite Gram-negative bacterium in the anterior intestine to the hemocoel of insect hosts The fascinating studies of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes comes from their interactions with other organisms. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in particular is particularly used for the biological control of insects and an obligate host for symbiotic Photorhabdus luminescens bacteria. For the nematode to effectively parasitize insects and to reproduce, transmission of symbiotic bacteria by the infective juvenile stag is key. Hence, the interaction is detailed to be an obligate vector-borne disease of insects. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, additionally, are known to be bacteriovore dependent on symbiotic Photorhabdus luminescens for growth and reproduction. However, classifying Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as a bacteriovore does not paint the entirety of the bacteriophora, and how it is capable of parasitic adaptations such as host finding, pierce the insect exoskeleton regurgitation of intestinal symbionts after sensing host cues by buccal tooth, and most importantly, the symbiotic relationship with Photorhabdus luminescens. The non-feeding and developmentally arrested infective juvenile stage, is the individual stage where Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is found
The filose amoeba is a member of the phylum, Cercoza, which is distantly related to organisms bearing relations to primary plastids. Paulinella cells in a lucid shell made of silica scales, moving at the bottom of the fresh water floor. The organisms are unique due to the presence of one-or two blue-green rod shaped chromatophores in the cytoplasm. The chromatophore of Paulinella shares similar characteristics with the cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus, such as having a thick peptidoglycan wall, and performance of binary fission similarly. Therefore, the idea of Paulinella chromatophore is thought to be an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium, that relies on survival by staying within the host. The Paulinella chromatophore is unable to live outside of the host, and instead, within the host, divides, and passes on to daughter cells. To go into more depth, when the cell dives, one is …show more content…
The infective juvenile stage, was found communicate a definite Gram-negative bacterium in the anterior intestine to the hemocoel of insect hosts The fascinating studies of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes comes from their interactions with other organisms. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in particular is particularly used for the biological control of insects and an obligate host for symbiotic Photorhabdus luminescens bacteria. For the nematode to effectively parasitize insects and to reproduce, transmission of symbiotic bacteria by the infective juvenile stag is key. Hence, the interaction is detailed to be an obligate vector-borne disease of insects. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, additionally, are known to be bacteriovore dependent on symbiotic Photorhabdus luminescens for growth and reproduction. However, classifying Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as a bacteriovore does not paint the entirety of the bacteriophora, and how it is capable of parasitic adaptations such as host finding, pierce the insect exoskeleton regurgitation of intestinal symbionts after sensing host cues by buccal tooth, and most importantly, the symbiotic relationship with Photorhabdus luminescens. The non-feeding and developmentally arrested infective juvenile stage, is the individual stage where Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is found