Pa Exam 1:knee Joint, Popliteal Region, Lower Leg

Front 1

which structure is indicated by the brown star?

Back 1

patella

Front 2

what structure is indicated by the red star?

Back 2

medial epicondyle

Front 3

what structure is indicated by the blue star?

Back 3

medial femoral condyle

Front 4

what structure is indicated by the black star?

Back 4

medial tibial condyle

Front 5

what structure is indicated by the gray star?

Back 5

tibial tuberosity

Front 6

what structure is indicated by the orange star?

Back 6

the tibia

Front 7

what structure is indicated by the green star?

Back 7

the femur

Front 8

what structure is indicated by the green arrow?

Back 8

lateral epicondyle

Front 9

what structure is indicated by the red arrow?

Back 9

lateral condyle of femur

Front 10

what structure is indicated by the grey star?

Back 10

lateral tibial condyle

Front 11

what structure is indicated by the blue arrow?

Back 11

the tibial plateau

Front 12

what structure is indicated by the pink star?

Back 12

the head of the fibula

Front 13

1?

Back 13

lateral transverse patellar retinaculum

Front 14

2?

Back 14

Lateral longitudinal patellar retinaculum

Front 15

3?

Back 15

medial transverse patellar retinaculum

Front 16

$?

Back 16

medial longitudinal patellar retinaculum

Front 17

5?

Back 17

Rectus femoris tendon of insertion

Front 18

6?

Back 18

medial collateral ligament

Front 19

7?

Back 19

Patellar ligament

Front 20

8?

Back 20

lateral collateral ligament

Front 21

9?

Back 21

head of fibula

Front 22

what does the patellar ligament do?

Back 22

connects the patella to the top of the tibia. Keeps patella in place, and also assists in bending knee

Front 23

what is the function of the retinacula of the knee?

Back 23

they reinforce the joint capsule medial and lateral to the patellar ligament

Front 24

what is the function of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments

Back 24

prevent knee injury by stabilizing knee and preventing them from buckling inward

Front 25

what is significant about the medial collateral ligament

Back 25

the medial collateral ligament is part of the "terrible trio." When great force is exerted on the lateral part of the knee, the medial collateral ligament, the medial meniscus, and the ACL will be affected. The medial meniscus will be affected because it is attached to the medial collateral ligament (the lateral meniscus is not attached to the lateral collateral ligament)

Front 26

what is the function of the medial and lateral menisci?

Back 26

transfer the load from the upper leg to the lower leg and stabilize the knee during flexion, extension and during circular movements

Front 27

name the structure indicated by the red star.

Back 27

the oblique popliteal ligament

Front 28

what is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament? what is it formed by?

Back 28

the oblique popliteal ligament is formed by part of the semimembranosus tendon and functions to strengthen the posterior capsule of the knee, stabilizing the knee

Front 29

what structure is indicated by the green star? what is its function?

Back 29

posterior cruciate ligament; prevent the tibia from displacing posterior to the femur

Front 30

what structure is indicated by the red star? what is its function?

Back 30

anterior cruciate ligament; prevent the tibia from displacing anterior to femur

Front 31

is the green star Valgum or Varum?

Back 31

bowlegged, Varum

Front 32

is the red star Valgum or Varum?

Back 32

Knock-knees, Valgum

Front 33

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

Back 33

Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

Front 34

what is the function of the anterior compartment of the lower leg? what is the muscle of exception and what is its function

Back 34

extension of the foot; Fibularis tertius--everter

Front 35

what is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the lower leg? the blood supply?

Back 35

Deep fibular n., Anterior tibial artery

Front 36

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Back 36

Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

Front 37

what is the function of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Back 37

evert the ankle

Front 38

What is the innervation and blood supply of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Back 38

Superficial fibular n., Fibular a.

Front 39

What muscles make up the posterior superficial muscle group of the lower leg?

Back 39

Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris

Front 40

What is the function of the posterior superficial compartment? what is the one exception and its additional function?

Back 40

Plantarflexion; Gastrocnemius--also functions as a weak knee flexor

Front 41

the tendon of what muscle is also known as the "freshman nerve?"

Back 41

the tendon of the plantaris muscle

Front 42

what is the innervation of the posterior superficial compartment of the lower leg? The blood supply?

Back 42

Tibial n., posterior tibial artery

Front 43

what muscles make up the posterior deep compartment of the lower leg (not at the medial malleolus)?

Back 43

Popliteus, Flexor Hallucis longus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus

Front 44

what is the innervation of these muscles? The blood supply?

Back 44

Tibial n., Fibular a.

Front 45

what is the function of this group? what is the exception and what is its function?

Back 45

Plantarflexors, Popliteus--unlocks the knee

Front 46

the sciatic nerve splits into the common fibular and the tibial nerve above the knee on the posterior thigh, describe the progression of these branches in the lower leg.

Back 46

Plantarflexors, Popliteus--unlocks the knee

Front 47

what is the order of the three main muscles in the posterior deep compartment of the lower leg from most lateral to most medial in the lower leg? at the medial malleolus?

Back 47

lower leg--Flexor Halucis Longus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus

medial maleoulus--Tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus

Front 48

what is the distal attachment of Fibularis longus? fubularis brevis?

Back 48

longus--passes under cuboid bone, crosses plantar foot to attach to base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform bones.

brevis--tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone.

Front 49

describe the path of the sciatic nerve after it splits into the tibal and common fibular branches shortly before the knee.

Back 49

Front 50

describe the path of the femoral nerve through the leg.

Back 50

Front 51

describe the pathway of the femoral artery

Back 51

Front 52

name the muscles that make up the anterior compartment of the lower leg from lateral to medial.

Back 52

fibularis tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior. (they maintain this order after coming through the extensor retinaculum of the foot.) Extensor hallucis is patyially hidden by extensor digitorum and tibialis anterior.

Front 53

In the lateral compartment of the lower leg, fibularis brevis is anterior to fibularis longus. when they pass into the foot at the lateral malleolus, what is their order?

Back 53

the tendon of fibularis brevis is superior to the tendon of fibularis longus.

Front 54

what are the distal attachment sites of fibularis longus and brevis?

Back 54

Fibularis brevis--tuburcle of 5th metatarsal bone

Fibularis longus--middle cuneiform bone

Front 55

what is the order from lateral to medial of the three main muscles of the posterior deep compartment of the lower leg when in the posterior lower leg? when they meet at the medial malleolus?

Back 55

In leg--