Lower Limbs: Knee And Leg

Front 1

Back 1

A) Interosseous Membrane
B) Transverse intermuscular septum
C) Anterior intermuscular septum
D) Lateral intermuscular septum
E) Crural fascia

Front 2

Back 2

A) Anterior tibial artery and deep peroneal nerve
B) Posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve
C) Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
D) Peroneal (fibular) artery

Front 3

Back 3

A) Tibialis anterior
B) Extensor digitorum longus
C) Extensor hallucis longus

Front 4

What is the action, innervation, and blood supply of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Back 4

Action: dorsiflexion of foot and extension of toes

Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

Blood supply: anterior tibial artery

Front 5

Back 5

A) Superior extensor retinaculum
B) Inferior extensor retinaculum
C) Peroneus tertius

Front 6

What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?

Back 6

dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

Front 7

What is dorsiflexion of the foot?

Back 7

moving your foot so that your toes go up

Front 8

What is the action of the peroneus tertius?

Back 8

dorsiflexes and everts the foot

Front 9

What does everting the foot mean?

Back 9

rotating foot laterally so that smallest toes are higher than big toe

Front 10

What are shin splints?

Back 10

Small tears in the periosteum (mild form of compartment syndrome) due to over extension or trauma

Front 11

What nerve if damaged leads to drop foot syndrome?

Back 11

Deep peroneal nerve

Front 12

Back 12

A) Peroneus Longus
B) Peroneus Brevis

Front 13

What are the innervation and blood supply of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Back 13

Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve

Blood supply: peroneal artery

Front 14

Where do the tendons of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg run distally?

Back 14

They run posterior to the lateral malleolus (like a tibial epicondyle) and deep to the superior and inferior retinacula

Front 15

Back 15

A) Plantaris
B) Gastrocnemius
C) Soleus (deep to gastrocnemius)

Front 16

What two muscles' tendons become the achilles tendon?

What is the scientific name for this tendon?

Back 16

- Gastrocnemius and Soleus

- Tendo calcaneus

Front 17

What are the actions of the gastrocnemius?

Back 17

Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg

Front 18

What are the actions of the soleus?

Back 18

plantarflexes the foot

Front 19

What are the actions of the plantaris?

Back 19

very weak plantarflexion and flexion of the leg

Front 20

Back 20

Soleus

Front 21

How does plantarflexion help walking?

Back 21

It helps push the back foot off the ground.

Front 22

What kind of patients are most likely to rupture their calcaneal tendon?

Back 22

Achilles tendon rupture is most common with patients who have a history of calcaneal tendinitis.

Front 23

What 4 muscles make up the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Back 23

Superior medial: semimembranosus

Superior lateral: biceps femoris

Inferior medial: gastrocnemius

Inferior lateral: plantaris

Front 24

What nerves, artery, and vein run through the popliteal fossa?

Back 24

Tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve, popliteal artery and vein

Front 25

Of what artery is the popliteal artery an extension?

Back 25

femoral artery

Front 26

What does the femoral artery pass through when entering the popliteal fossa?

Back 26

adductor hiatus

Front 27

What does the popliteal artery divide into at the lower boundary of the popliteal fossa?

Back 27

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Front 28

What 5 branches does the popliteal artery give off in the popliteal fossa to form anastomoses?

Back 28

Two Superior, one middle, and two inferior genicular arteries

Front 29

What vein drains into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa?

Back 29

Small saphenous vein

Front 30

What two nerves that make up the sciatic nerve split at the popliteal fossa?

Back 30

Common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve

Front 31

What does the latereal sural cutaneous nerve innervate?

From what larger nerve does it branch?

Back 31

- Skin of the calf

- Common peroneal nerve

Front 32

What function do the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg have besides plantarflexion and leg flexion?

Back 32

To steady the foot while standing

Front 33

What is the function of the popliteus?

Back 33

To basically unlock the knee by flexing it and rotating the tibia medially

Front 34

What muscle of the thigh rotates the leg externally while walking?

Back 34

Biceps femoris

Front 35

Which direction does the tibia rotate to lock the knee?

Back 35

Laterally

Front 36

Back 36

A) Tibialis posterior
B) Flexor hallucis longus
C) Flexor digitorum longus

Front 37

What is the action of the tibialis posterior?

Back 37

plantarflex and invert the foot

Front 38

What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus?

Back 38

flexes lateral four toes and plantarflexes foot

Front 39

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus?

Back 39

flexes big toe and plantar flexes foot

Front 40

From deep to superficial, what is the order of the tendons of the muscles in the deep posterior compartment including blood vessels and nerves?

Back 40

Tibiliasis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, vein, nerve, flexor hallucis longus

Front 41

What is the distal attachment of the tibiliasis posterior?

Back 41

median cunieform tarsal proximal to 1st metatarsal as well as 2nd, and 3rd metatarsal

Front 42

What direction does the femur rotate to lock the knee when it is full extended?

Back 42

medially

Front 43

Why are the condyles of the femur so much larger than the articular surface of the tibia?

Back 43

Because the femur rolls during leg flexion

Front 44

What ligament holds the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula?

Back 44

lateral collateral ligament

Front 45

Between the lateral and medial collateral ligaments, which one is stronger?

Back 45

Lateral collateral ligament (fibular)

Front 46

Between the lateral and medial collateral ligaments, which one is directly attached to its associated meniscus and knee capsule?

Back 46

Medial collateral ligament (tibial)

Front 47

Between the LCL and MCL, which one is wider?

Back 47

MCL, medial collateral ligament

Front 48

Does the lateral collateral ligament connect the femur to the fibula or tibia?

Back 48

fibula

Front 49

When the medial collateral ligament is damaged, what other two components are often damaged as well?

What is the grouping called?

Back 49

ACL and medial meniscus

Terrible triad

Front 50

What ligament connects medial and lateral menisci?

Back 50

transverse genicular ligament

Front 51

Where do the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments reside?

Back 51

Inside the joint capsule of the knee

Front 52

What are the attachments of the ACL and PCL?

Back 52

ACL: Femur to the anterior tibia

PCL: Femur to the posterior tibia

Front 53

What is the function of the ACL?

Back 53

To prevent anterior displacement of the leg from the knee

Front 54

What is the function of the PCL?

Back 54

To prevent posterior displacement of the leg from the knee

Front 55

During what action are the ACL and PCL taut?

Back 55

ACL: taut during leg extension (standing)

PCL: taut during leg flexion (bent)

Front 56

What can damage the ACL and PCL?

Back 56

ACL: damage by excessive medial rotation or hyperextension

PCL: damage by excessive hyperextension

Front 57

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

Back 57

tibial nerve

Front 58

At what point does the tibial nerve divide into medial and lateral plantar nerves?

Back 58

when it reaches the medial malleolus

Front 59

What branch off the common peroneal nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

Back 59

superficial peroneal nerve

Front 60

What branch off the common peroneal nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

Back 60

deep peroneal nerve

Front 61

Besides the anterior compartment of the leg, what other muscles does the deep peroneal nerve innervate?

Back 61

extensor digitorum brevis