Ob First Trimester Normal / Abnormal

Front 1

The quad screen includes (blank) for test analysis?

Back 1

HCG, estriol, inhibin A, AFP

Front 2

Triple screen includes what in the test analysis?

Back 2

HCG, AFP, Estriol

Front 3

Second trimester, painless vaginal bleeding is most often associated with?

Back 3

Placenta previa

Front 4

Painful vaginal bleeding in second trimester may occur as a result of?

Back 4

Placental abruption

Front 5

Triple screen testing is performed when?

Back 5

15-20 weeks

Front 6

There is an earlier first trimester screening for maternal blood 11-14 weeks and this covers which labs?

Reveals what abnormality?

Back 6

HCG, PAPPA, fetal NT.

Find out if baby had T21, T18, T13 and sex chromosome abnormalities.

Front 7

Triple screen can identify what abnormalities?

Back 7

Anembryonic pregnancy, (miscarriage), abortion, Down syndrome, neural tube defects, anencephaly, cephalocele, omphalocele, molar pregnancy, Turner syndrome, gastroschisis, spina bifida,

Front 8

In the abdominal circumference view wha other structures aside from fetal stomach and umbilical vein may be seen?

Back 8

Trv thoracic spine, right adrenal gland, fetal gallbladder

Front 9

Head circumference, what structures are seen in this measurement?

Back 9

At the level of third ventricle, thalamus, CSP, falx cerebri

Front 10

Femur length measurement at at long or short axis of the femoral shaft when the ultrasound beam is what to the shaft?

Back 10

Long axis, perpendicular

Front 11

Biparietal diameter measurement has what structures seen?

Back 11

At the level of third ventricle, thalamus, CSP, falx cerebri

Front 12

What is it called when the fetal legs are flexed at the hips and there is flexion of the knees as well.

Back 12

Complete breech

Front 13

What is it called when the fetal legs are flexed at the hips and there is flexion of the knees as well.

Back 13

Complete breech

Front 14

Fetal buttocks seems closest to the cervix, what is the fetal presentation?

Back 14

Frank breech

Front 15

What is it called when the fetal legs are flexed at the hips and there is flexion of the knees as well.

Back 15

Complete breech

Front 16

Fetal buttocks seems closest to the cervix, what is the fetal presentation?

Back 16

Frank breech

Front 17

All of the following may be visualized at the correct level of the head circumference except?

A. Third ventricle

B. Thalamus

C. CSP

D. Falx cerebri

Back 17

D. Falx cerebelli

Front 18

This is the inner sac that contains the embryo and amniotic fluid seen during first trimester within the gestational sac?

Back 18

Amnion

Front 19

What is anembryonic gestation?

Back 19

Abnormal pregnancy in which there is no evidence of a fetal pole or yolk sac within the gestational sac. Aka blighted ovum

Front 20

Blighted ovum is?

Back 20

Anembryonic gestation. Abnormal preg. No evidence of fetal pole or yolk sac in gestational sac.

Front 21

Outer membrane yet surrounds the embryo, this structure is?

Back 21

Chorion

Front 22

What contains the extraembryonic coelom?

Back 22

Chorionic cavity.

(Space between the chorion and amnion sac that contains the secondary yolk sac aka extraembryonic coelom).

Front 23

The developing fetus before 10 weeks gestation is termed?

Back 23

Embryo

Front 24

Chorionic sac is also referred to as the?

Back 24

Gestational sac

Front 25

The earliest definitive sign of IUP is seen at __________ mIU per mL with transvaginal exam.

Back 25

1,000-2,000

Front 26

What size of gestational sac can a embryo be seen?

Back 26

5mm

Front 27

What is the first sonographic identifiable sign of pregnancy?

Back 27

Decidual reaction

Front 28

What is the first structure seen with ultrasound within the gestational sac?

Back 28

Secondary yolk sac

Front 29

The yolk sac in early embryo development is connected to the embryo by?

Back 29

Vitelline duct (AKA Omphalomesenteric duct)

Front 30

The chorionic cavity lies between what and the amniotic cavity contains?

Back 30

Chorionic cavity: lies between the chorion and amnion and has the secondary yolk sac and fluid.

Amniotic cavity: contains fluid and developing embryo.

Front 31

The chorionic cavity lies between what and the amniotic cavity contains?

Back 31

Chorionic cavity: lies between the chorion and amnion and has the secondary yolk sac and fluid.

Amniotic cavity: contains fluid and developing embryo.

Front 32

What gest week does chorion and amnion fuse?

Back 32

Fuse around middle first trimester; until 16 weeks gestation.

Front 33

The placenta is formed by?

Back 33

Decidua basalis (maternal contribution) and chorion frondosum (fetal contribution)

Front 34

What are the most common abnormalities assoc with increased NT?

Back 34

Trisomy 18, trisomy 21, and Turner syndrome, and congestive heart failure.

Front 35

In the 11-14 weeks, combining NT with what other first trimester lab findings is a high detection rate for abnormalities like T21, T18, Turner syndrome.

Back 35

HCG and PAPP-A

Front 36

NT measured when?

Back 36

Between 11 - 13 weeks 6 days

Front 37

What are factors that contribute to ectopic pregnancy?

Back 37

Hx of ectopic, pelvic inflammatory disease, advanced maternal age, multi parity, undergoing infertility treatment, previous tubal surgery

Front 38

Pt arrives with pain, vaginal bleeding, palpable abdominal / pelvic mass, finding?

Clinical finding: shoulder pain, low hCG,

Back 38

Ectopic pregnancy

Front 39

Which GTD form is most common; partial or complete molar pregnancy?

Reason for molar pregnancy?

Back 39

Complete molar pregnancy.

Unknown, possible normal sperm fertilized an empty ovum.

Front 40

Which molar has potential to become malignant: partial or complete molar pregnancy?

Back 40

Complete molar pregnancy

Front 41

Finding enlarge uterus, hyperemesis gravidarum, hCG levels > 100,000 mIU/mL, heavy vaginal bleeding, HTN.

Large complex mass within uterus. Snowstorm appearance. Hypervascularity around the tissue but not within it.

Back 41

Molar pregnancy

Front 42

Finding enlarge uterus, hyperemesis gravidarum, hCG levels > 100,000 mIU/mL, heavy vaginal bleeding, HTN.

Large complex mass within uterus. Snowstorm appearance. Hypervascularity around the tissue but not within it.

Back 42

Molar pregnancy

Front 43

Partial or incomplete molar pregnancy has diploid or Triploidy?

Back 43

Triploidy

Front 44

Most malignant form of trophoblastic disease is?

Back 44

Choriocarcinoma. Affecting common sites for metastatic being liver, lungs, vagina.

Front 45

Large irregular gestational sac without embryo or yolk sac. Poor decidual reaction. Vaginal bleeding, low hCG, reduction of pregnancy sx.

Back 45

Blighted ovum (anembryonic gestation)

Front 46

Vaginal bleeding, small for dates, closed cervix, low hCG levels.irregular shaped gest sac and fetus.

Back 46

Fetal demise or embryonic demise

Front 47

Vaginal bleeding, pelvic cramping, passage of products of conception.

Back 47

Miscarriage

Front 48

Vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks gestation, closed cervical os. Low fetal heart rate.

Back 48

Threatened abortion

Front 49

Vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks gestation, closed cervical os. Low fetal heart rate.

Back 49

Threatened abortion

Front 50

No intrauterine products identified in endometrium, prominent endometrium.

Back 50

Complete abortion

Front 51

Vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks gestation, closed cervical os. Low fetal heart rate.

Back 51

Threatened abortion

Front 52

No intrauterine products identified in endometrium, prominent endometrium.

Back 52

Complete abortion

Front 53

Thickened irregular endometrium, enlarged uterus, part of products expelled.

Back 53

Incomplete abortion

Front 54

Vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks gestation, closed cervical os. Low fetal heart rate.

Back 54

Threatened abortion

Front 55

No intrauterine products identified in endometrium, prominent endometrium.

Back 55

Complete abortion

Front 56

Thickened irregular endometrium, enlarged uterus, part of products expelled.

Back 56

Incomplete abortion

Front 57

Missed abortion is?

Back 57

No fetal heart rate, abnormal fetal shape.

Front 58

Vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks gestation, closed cervical os. Low fetal heart rate.

Back 58

Threatened abortion

Front 59

No intrauterine products identified in endometrium, prominent endometrium.

Back 59

Complete abortion

Front 60

Thickened irregular endometrium, enlarged uterus, part of products expelled.

Back 60

Incomplete abortion

Front 61

Missed abortion is?

Back 61

No fetal heart rate, abnormal fetal shape.

Front 62

Vaginal bleed, dilated cervix. Low lying gest sac.

Back 62

Inevitable abortion

Front 63

Where is a subchorionic hemorrhage located?

Back 63

Bleed between the endometrium and the gestational sac

Front 64

Pt presents with cramping, vaginal bleeding or spotting sometimes. Finding: Cervix is closed. Hypoechoic structure adjacent to gestational sac. Suspect?

Back 64

Subchorionic hemorrhage

Front 65

What is a common pelvic mass in first trimester sonographic examination?

Back 65

Uterine leiomyoma

Front 66

Lemon head shape associate with which anomaly?

Back 66

Arnold chiari II malformation

Front 67

Dolichocephaly is associated with?

Back 67

Craniosynostosis

Front 68

Brachycephaly is associated with which anomalies?

Back 68

Craniosynostosis, trisomy 18, Trisomy 21.

Front 69

Macrocephaly is associated with?

Back 69

Beckwith Weidemann syndrome, hydrocephalus, hydranencephaly, intracranial tumors.

Front 70

Macrocephaly is associated with?

Back 70

Beckwith Weidemann syndrome, hydrocephalus, hydranencephaly, intracranial tumors.

Front 71

Microcephaly is associated with??

Back 71

Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18, TORCH infections, Meckel Gruber syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome.

Front 72

Most common neural defects are?

Back 72

Anencephaly and spina bifida

Front 73

Elevated MSAFP is associated with?

Back 73

Gastroschisis, omphalocele, spina bifida, multiple gestation, fetal death.

Front 74

Spina bifida occulta means?

Back 74

Hidden

Front 75

Spina bifida occulta means?

Back 75

Hidden; occult lesions are closed lesions, covered by skin.

Front 76

Spina bifida apperta means?

Back 76

Open

Front 77

Postnatal period, sacral dimple, hemangioma, lipoma, or tuft of hair midline of newborn directly over distal spine.

Suspect?

Back 77

Spina bifida occulta

Front 78

Most common location of spina bifida is?

Back 78

Lunbosacral region

Front 79

Lemon shaped skull with a banana cerebellum associated with? Elevated MSAFP, obliterated CM, Colpocephaly, Hydrocephalus. Suspect?

Back 79

Spina bifida (aperta)

Front 80

What’s kyphosis?

Scoliosis and kyphosis are associated with

Back 80

Abnormal posterior curvature of the spine.

ABS, LBWC, VACTERL association.

Front 81

Scoliosis is?

Back 81

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Front 82

Short or absent umbilical cord, marked scoliosis, craniofacial and limb defects. Elevated MSAFP. Suspect?

Back 82

Limb Body Wall Complex

Front 83

What is the most common non lethal skeletal dysplasia?

Back 83

Heterozygous Achondroplasia

Front 84

What is the most common non lethal skeletal dysplasia?

Back 84

Heterozygous Achondroplasia

Front 85

Sonographic findings in utero is micromelia, macrocrania, frontal bossing, flattened nasal bridge, trident hand. Suspect?

Back 85

Heterozygous Achondroplasia

Front 86

Both parents are dwarfs. This is fatal in first 2 years of life. Child has frontal bossing, trident hand, micromelia or macrocrania. Suspect?

Back 86

Homozygous Achondroplasia

Front 87

Finding: Absent mineralization of skeletal bones, severely shortened limbs, large skull, narrow chest and distended abdomen, polyhydramnios.

Back 87

Achondrogenesis

Front 88

Bell shaped chest, multiple fractures, demineralization of the skull. Transducer Pressure on the skull can alter the shape.

Back 88

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 89

Most common lethal skeletal dysplasia, cloverleaf skull.

Back 89

Thanatotrophic dysplasia

Front 90

Sono finding in utero: Bell shaped chest, polyhydramnios, hydrocephalus, depressed nasal bridge, telephone receiver shaped long bones, clover leaf skull.

Back 90

Thanatophoric dysplasia

Front 91

Bilateral renal agenesis accompanies this condition. Lethal. Lower extremities fused, Oligohydramnios, two-vessel cord, cardiac anomalies.

Back 91

Sirenomelia

Front 92

SCT is considered?

Back 92

Germ cell tumor, most common congenital neoplasm and more frequently found in females.

(Sacrococcygeal Teratoma)

Front 93

SCT is considered?

Back 93

Germ cell tumor, most common congenital neoplasm and more frequently found in females.

(Sacrococcygeal Teratoma)

Front 94

SCT associated with?

Back 94

congestive heart failure, Hydrops

Front 95

What first branch off the aortic arch does the blood exit into?

Back 95

Innominate artery originates Brachiocephalic artery.

Front 96

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, if female suspect? Connection to what other anomaly?

Back 96

female- Turner syndrome

Also a connection to trisomy 18.

Front 97

Most common cardiac defect?

Back 97

Ventricular septal defect

Front 98

Test of the amniotic fluid that predicts fetal lung maturity?

Back 98

Lecithin to sphinomyelin ratio

(L/S ratio)

Front 99

Outflow tracts: RV / LV leads to ?

Back 99

RVOT- PA

LVOT - leads to aorta

Pulmonary artery normally should be anterior to aorta and crossing over it .

Front 100

Outflow tracts: RV / LV leads to ?

Back 100

RVOT- PA

LVOT - leads to aorta

Pulmonary artery normally should be anterior to aorta and crossing over it .

Front 101

What’s the most anterior positioned chamber of the heart?

What is the most posterior chamber of the heart?

Back 101

Right ventricle.

Left atrium

Front 102

What is anterior to the fetal spine?

Back 102

Left atrium

Front 103

Leading. Size of cardiac death in neonatal period?

95% die in the first month of life if surgery is not performed.

Back 103

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Front 104

Leading. Size of cardiac death in neonatal period?

95% die in the first month of life if surgery is not performed.

Back 104

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Front 105

Enlarged left ventricle, absent or small right ventricle. Fetal Hydrops. Pulmonary stenosis or atresia.

Back 105

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

Front 106

AVSD are associated with?

Back 106

Trisomy 18, trisomy 21, aneuploidy

Front 107

Malformation or malposition of the tricuspid valve results?

Back 107

Ebstein anomaly

Front 108

Narrowing of the aortic arch, right ventricular enlargement, pulmonary artery enlargement?

Back 108

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 109

What is tetralogy of fallot?

Back 109

Visualize aortic root overriding,subaortic VSD, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy. Suspect?

Front 110

Transposition of great vessels visualized four chamber view?

Back 110

No, can’t tell. The 4 chamber view appears normal.

Front 111

EIF is located in what ventricle and associated with?

Back 111

Left ventricle, trisomy 21.

Front 112

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is?

That tumor is associated with?

Back 112

Rhabdomyoma

Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis

Front 113

This group anomaly combines ectopic cord is and existing omphalocele.

Back 113

Pentaology of Cantrell

Front 114

For lung maturity what test is completed?

Back 114

Assessed using L/S ratio; an amniocentesis is performed for this test. The lab findings indicate the levels of L/S in the amniotic fluid.

Normally: Lecithin levels increase. Sphingomyelin decreases.

Front 115

What is a common finding with pulmonary hypoplasia?

Back 115

Oligohydramnios, bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facial features (potter syndrome)

Front 116

Lung mass that is solid / cystic. Echogenic mass in the lungs, unilateral. Pleural effusion present, suspect?

Back 116

CCAM

Front 117

Separate mass of non functioning lung tissue with its own blood supply?

Back 117

Pulmonary Sequestration (or) Bronchopulmonary Sequestration

Front 118

Separate mass of non functioning lung tissue with its own blood supply?

Back 118

Pulmonary Sequestration (or) Bronchopulmonary Sequestration

Front 119

Echogenic triangular shaped mass in the fetal chest. PE present.

Back 119

Pulmonary Sequestration

Front 120

What’s the most common reason for the heart to be malpositioned?

Back 120

Diaphragmatic hernia

Front 121

Most common location for diaphragmatic hernia is on right or left side?

Name the type?

Back 121

Left side, Bochdalek hernia.

Front 122

Between diaphragmatic hernias; name the one left posterolateral and the right anteromedially in the diaphragm?

Back 122

Left posterolateral - foramen of Bochdalek.

Right anteromedial- Foramen of Morgagni.

Front 123

Which is a lack of muscle in the dome of diaphragm?

Similar appearance to?

Back 123

Eventration of the diaphragm.

Similar appearance to diaphragmatic hernia

Front 124

Hypoechoic structure located anteriornchest at level of sternum between the lungs, finding?

Back 124

Thymus gland

Front 125

Hypoechoic structure located anteriornchest at level of sternum between the lungs, finding?

Back 125

Thymus gland

Front 126

What is DiGeorge Syndrome?

Back 126

Absent or hypoplastic thymus, leads to immune system problems (susceptibility to infection, cognitive disorders, congenital heart defects, palate defects, hormonal abnormalities.)

Front 127

Group of anomalies that includes omphalocele, ectopic cordis, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, pericardial defects.

Back 127

Pentalogy of Cantrell