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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Loss of somatic protein and fat + hunger describes:
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Marasmus
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Loss of visceral protein + edema + apathy describes:
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Kwashiorkor
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Name three chronic illnesses which contribute to Marasmus:
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COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), Cachexia (cancer), IBD (irritable bowel disease)
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Give three things involved in COPD:
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Cystic fibrosis, Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis
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Give two examples of IBD:
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Crohn's disease & Ulcerative colitis
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List 3 fat soluble vitamins:
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Vitamins A, K, & D.
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What water-soluble vitamin was mentioned in class?
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Vitamin C.
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Are fat-soluble or water-soluble vitamins easier to digest?
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Water-soluble is easier. Fat-soluble are especially hard in IBD & Liver Disease.
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None
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Give 3 things involved in Vitamin A:
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Goblet cell differentiation from epithelial cells, Metaplasia in eyelids, & Rhodopsin
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What's vitamin K important for?
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Coagulation
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What's vitamin D necessary for?
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The absorption of calcium.
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Without vitamin D, we'll get:
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Osteomalacia or Rickets.
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What is vitamin C necessary for?
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Collagen
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What are most aneurysms caused by?
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Hypertension
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ATH (Atherosclerosis) + Hypertension = ____?
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Thrombosis --> Emboli
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What are three common locations for vascular disease?
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Coronary arteries, Heart valves, and Cerebral Arteries
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Coronary heart disease --> ____ (4)?
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MI, Thrombus, Rupture, & Aneurysm
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Give two causes of heart valve inflammation:
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Streptococcus & Atherosclerosis
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Heart valve inflammation can lead to (4):
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Inflammation, Fibrosis, Dystrophic calcification, & Vegetation (microbes in stagnant parts)
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What's a CVA?
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Cerebral Vascular Accident (I.e. stroke)
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What's an AAA?
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Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm
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How would you treat a fusiform aneurysm?
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Blood-thinner drugs, drugs for stasis/stagnation, & hypertension drugs.
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Name two hypertension drug types:
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ACE inhibitor & Loop diuretics.
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What's the most common cause of a dissecting aneurysm?
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CT disorder (e.g. Marfan's Disease) (NOT hypertension + ATH)
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Give two vascular diseases classified as Vasculitides:
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Giant Cell Arteritis & PAN (Polyarteritis Nodosa)
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None
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Chronic granular inflammation (type IV), manifestation in the temporal artery, high sed. rate, vision threatening… = ____?
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Giant Cell Arteritis
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Where does PAN occur?
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Polyarteritis Nodosa is in the kidneys
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None
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List 4 steps of Thrombus initiation:
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1. Damage to endothelium, 2. Stasis/stagnation, 3. Inflammation, 4. Healing (rinse and repeat).
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What are 3 types of thrombi?
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1. Mural, 2. Occlusive, 3. Proliferative
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What are the layers of a thrombus called?
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"The Lines of Zahn"
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How are arterial thromboembolisms formed?
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Arterial thromboembolisms are formed via atherosclerosis
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List some places where arterial thromboembolisms can originate (5):
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Heart, aorta, carotid, renal arteries, liver, etc.
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How are venous thromboembolisms formed?
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Venous thromboembolisms are formed via stasis/stagnation.
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Give one example of a venous thromboembolism origin:
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Deep femoral vein
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What color are arterial infarcts?
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White
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What color are venous infarcts?
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Red.
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What can venous infarcts lead to?
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Hemorrhage.
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What shape is a white infarct?
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Cone-shaped
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What forms the dark boarder around a white infarct?
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Hyperemia in the surrounding area
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Congested alveolar blood cells would surround what kind of infarct?
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A red infarct in the lungs.
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A finding of vessels with a "copper-wiring" appearance is indicative of:
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Atherosclerosis/Hypertension.
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What are cotton wool spots associated with?
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Diabetic retinopathy.
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Why do you lose vision in ischemia?
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Axoplasmic flow of the optic nerves is affected.
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An atherosclerotic artery lying on top of a vein would cause:
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Venous occlusion --> Red infarct.
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None
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What purpose does streptokinase serve?
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It's a natural anti-coagulant
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Why would a physician give someone t-PA?
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To bust open a blood clot
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Redder lines of Zahn are seen in ____ clots?
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Venous occlusions
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List five tumors of epithelial cell origin:
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Squamous cells, Basal cells, Glands/ducts, Neuroectoderm, Internal organ cells.
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