Nutrition And Health Exam 1

Front 1

Nutrition is the science of _____, the _______ and the other substances within food; their _____, interaction, and ____ in relation to ______ and disease; and the process by which the organism: ______, ______, ________, uses, and excretes food substances.

Back 1

food, nutrients, action, balance, health, ingests, absorbs, transports

Front 2

What were the major causes of death during the early 1900's and what are they now?

Back 2

early 1900s: contagious diseases
Now: Chronic diseases: HD, Cancer, Stroke

Front 3

How can we fix/prevent the leading cause of death now.

Back 3

Paying attention to Nutrition through better efforts towards a healthy diet.

Front 4

Since 1900, life expectancy has _____ while infant mortality has ____, which can be attributed to ______ and _____.

Back 4

increased, decreased, better nutrition, immunization

Front 5

Define Macronutrient:

Back 5

something that the body requires in larger amounts

Front 6

What is an example of a macronutrient?

Back 6

Water

Front 7

Define Micronutrient

Back 7

some that your body requires less of.

Front 8

Give an example of a micronutrient

Back 8

vitamins

Front 9

Minerals are ______ molecules while Vitamins are ______.

Back 9

inorganic, organic

Front 10

Are vitamins and Minerals energy yielding nutrients?

Back 10

No. You cannot survive on them alone, but they are part of catalyzing metabolic processes.

Front 11

Define nutrient:

Back 11

the chemicals contained in food that our bodies to process live and grow.

Front 12

Define essential nutrient and give an example:

Back 12

chemicals our bodies cannot make

example: vitamin D, vitamin C, 9 amino acids

Front 13

What does DRI stand for

Back 13

Dietary Reference Intake

Front 14

What are the DRI values and what are the 4 main purposes

Back 14

set of values that we should follow for
1. health maintenance
2. Disease prevention
3. Range of age categories
4. toxicities from supplements

Front 15

The RDA is

Back 15

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Front 16

the RDA is based on

Back 16

a health person, reflecting age and gender

Front 17

The RDA's are estimated to met the nutrient needs of ___ % of a healthy population

Back 17

97

Front 18

The EAR's are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of ____% of a healthy population....the EAR is used by

Back 18

50, the scientists who sit on the committee when they are calculating the RDA

Front 19

AI stands for

Back 19

Adequate Intake levels

Front 20

What is an AI

Back 20

it is basically the best educated guess but is not strongly backed by data. It is used when they can not come up with enough data to consider it a RDA

Front 21

These values were established in order to avoid excess or toxicity of a nutrient intake. what are they called

Back 21

Tolerable Upper Limit

Front 22

AMDR is

Back 22

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range

Front 23

List the AMDR for each class of energy source in order to avoid various chronic illnesses and maintain a health body:
CHO:
Protein:
Fat:

Back 23

CHO: 45-65%
Protein: 20-35%
Fat: 10-35%

Front 24

What should be considered when estimating energy requirements> (EERs)

Back 24

age, weight, sex, height, level of physical activity

Front 25

what is one of the scientific methods used to measure caloric content of foods?

Back 25

Bomb Calorimeter

Front 26

How does a bomb calorimeter work?

Back 26

place food into a container suspended in water, pump oxygen into the container until it burns, the container will then rise in the water and the tester observes how much the water level rose

Front 27

What are the four most common trends in dietary guidelines and recommendations, such as AM Cancer Society, DASH, Dietary Guidelines 2010?

Back 27

variety, balance, moderation, nutrient density

Front 28

What is the purpose of digestion?

Back 28

to break down food into smaller nutrient molecules through physical and chemical processes.

Front 29

Name the main components that regulate digestion and their functions

Back 29

hormones
enzymes
acid
bile
mucous
bicarbonate

Front 30

explain enzymes:

Back 30

chemical that speeds up reactions

Front 31

explain hormones:

Back 31

chemical messengers, secreted by a gland or cell

Front 32

an example of a hormone is gastrin. how does it travel

Back 32

through the blood

Front 33

acid is secreted in the

Back 33

stomach

Front 34

bile is important in the digestion of

Back 34

fats

Front 35

mucous helps protect from

Back 35

acids

Front 36

bicarbonate is used as a

Back 36

buffer to neutralize digested mass

Front 37

What is a sphincter?

Back 37

circular muscle that stays closed and acts as a gate under involuntary control, regulated by hormones.

Front 38

what covers the trachea during swallowing?

Back 38

epiglottis

Front 39

circular muscles that stay closed and act as a gate under involuntary control, regulated by hormones

Back 39

sphincter

Front 40

The small intestine consists of what sections

Back 40

duodenum, jéjunum, ileum

Front 41

the inner lining of the small intestine is arranged in folds, which are covered with finger-like projections called

Back 41

villi

Front 42

what dramatically increases surface area....an important part to absorption

Back 42

villi

Front 43

each _____ is made up of absorptive cells called

Back 43

enterocytes

Front 44

each ______ is covered with ______ making up the brush border

Back 44

enterocyte, microvilli

Front 45

what draws nutrients towards enterocytes?

Back 45

microvilli

Front 46

the large intestine is divided into what 3 regions?

Back 46

cecum, colon, and rectum

Front 47

the main 3 functions of the large intestine are

Back 47

1. storage an ellimination of waste
2. where absorption of fluids and electrolytes takes place
3. participates in synthesizing vitamins K and B