Neuro 27 Motor Overview

Front 1

where do the parietal
premotor
and supplementary motor cortex project

Back 1

1. primary motor cortex
2. brain stem
3. spinal cord
4. Basal Ganglia

Front 2

where does the primary motor cortex send info to

Back 2

brainstem and SC

Front 3

where does the thalamus receive info from? where does it send it to?

Back 3

basal ganglia and cerebellum

sends it to Parietal, premotor supplementary cortex as well as primary cortex.

Front 4

the cerebellum primarily talks to who

Back 4

the brainstem and vice versa

Front 5

what are the levels of nerved for UE? LE?

Back 5

UE: C5-T1, brachial plexus
LE: L2-S4 Lumbosacral

Front 6

what is in an ant root? ant rami?

Back 6

motor
mixed

Front 7

what is the "final Common path"

Back 7

direct link of NS and NM system

**the axon from ant horn that contacts the mm at the NMJ

Front 8

what is teh motor organization of the ant horn. ant post, medial lateral

whats the fancy word?

Back 8

Anterior: Extensors

Posterior: Flexors

Medial: mm that are proximal
Lateral: mm that are more distal

**somatotopic organization

Front 9

what are brainstem spinal systems, name 4 and ID the major mm goup they control

Back 9

descending paths

1. rubrospinal (flex)
2. reticulospinal (extend)
3. vestibulospinal (extend)
4. MLF (extend)

Front 10

so where do axons of the brainstem spical cord systems go

Back 10

ant horn

Front 11

so the line from the brainstem to the spinal cord is called what? what are the 4 pahts within

Back 11

branstem spinal cord system

1. rubrospinal (flexor)
2. Vestibulospinal (extensor)
3. MLF (extensor)
4. reticulospinal (extensor)

Front 12

what is the mm innervation pattern of the precentral gyrus
LE

Back 12

LE: medial
UE: lateral

**same somatotopic pattern as somatosensory

Front 13

what are the 2 main places htat the primary cortex projects

Back 13

1. Spinal Cord: corticospinal, main tract

2. to the brainstem: red nucleus, reticularformation

Front 14

the red nucleus nad reticular formation connect what structures

Back 14

primary cortex nad brainstem

Front 15

what are some other names for the primary motor cortex

Back 15

M1
Precentral Gyrus
broadman 4
layer V pyramidal neurons
anterior part of paracentral lobule

Front 16

where are the cells of origin of the corticospinal tract

Back 16

layer V pyramidal cells

Front 17

what are the "Higer Order" motor centers (motor related)

where do they project

Back 17

Parietal 5 7
Supplementary 6
Pre Motor 6
Cingulate Motor 32
*there is also a layer 8, but it does eye movement

**project to primary cortex to influence the corticospinal tract
also send info to basal ganglia and spinal cord

Front 18

what is hte name of the connection btwn the brainsetm and cerebellum? what direction

Back 18

superior cerebral pedundle

out of cerebellum into the brainstem

Front 19

the cerebellum receives what info from where? then what happens

Back 19

cortex to baisler potine nuclei into the cerebellar nuclei and then out the SCP into the thalamus (VA/VL) and red nucleus and then to the cortex

Front 20

what are the 3 things that carry info from basal nuclei to the thalamus

Back 20

1. lenticular fasciculud
2. ansa lenticularis
3. thalamic fasciculas

Link Globis to Thalamus

Front 21

what are the basal nuclei

Back 21

caudate
putamen
globis paliduc

**from cerebellum to the thalamus (VA/VL)

Front 22

what is the key descending path

Back 22

corticospinal tract

Front 23

from the cortex where do corticospinal axons gp

Back 23

post limb of internal capsule

Front 24

how can we orient to the internal capsule

Back 24

find the Genu, it points medially

Front 25

so from the cortex to the post limb of the internal capsule, from here where do corticalspinal axons go?>

Back 25

1. crus cerebri of midbrain
2. descending fibers of pond
3. pyramid in medulla
4. as it enters the SC the fibers decusate and form the lateral corticospinal tract

Front 26

where do corticospinal axons decusate

Back 26

at the junction of the pyramid and SC

**decusation of the pyramid

**then travel in CL lateral corticospinal tract

**important to note that not ALL corticospinal fibers decusate, some stay IL and form the anterior corticospinal tract

Front 27

do ALL corticospinal fibers decusate

Back 27

nope, some stay IL and form the ant corticospinal tract

Front 28

how do we ID middle and caudal pons

Back 28

Middle: motor and sensory trigeminal

Caudal: facial motor nucleus nad facial nerve

Front 29

where is the nucleus ambiguous

Back 29

medulla, ant and medial to spinal trigeminal

Front 30

where is the accessory nucleus

Back 30

C1, lateral near the grey matter

Front 31

where is the hypoglossal nucleus

Back 31

medulla, the two top midline circles.

Front 32

as you descend the brainstem what CN nuclei do we see

Back 32

1 motor trigeminal (middle pons)

2. Facial (caudal pons)

3. Nucleus ambiguos (rostral medulla)

4. Hypoglossal Nucleus (rostral pons)

5. Accessory (C1, lateral to grey matter)

Front 33

at what level of pons do we see all of the cerebellar peduncles

Back 33

caudal pons, the cerebellar peduncles connect the brainstem and cerebellum

*SCP sends efferent infor

Front 34

what are the nuclei associated with the cerebellum

Back 34

dentate (lateral) sends info to SCP

Globos

fulliform

fastigle

Front 35

we know that the SCP has info leaving the cerebellum, what nucleus does it get its info frim

Back 35

dentate

Front 36

the MCA has what info

Back 36

cortical info enters cerebellum via MCP and then cross to the CL MCP

Afferent

Front 37

what is a lower motor neuron, what happens with leision

Back 37

contact the mm directly!

anterion horn neurons, includles cell body and axon

Flaccid
Hypotonia
Hyporeflexia
atrophy
fassicilations

Front 38

if we see fascisilations what motor neuron is damaged

Back 38

LMN

**other signs are flaccid, hypo-tonia, reflexia, atrophy

**damage in ant horn neuron or cranial nerve motor neurons

Front 39

is the sciatic N a LMN or UMN

Back 39

LMN,

CN motor neurons, ant horn neurons

Front 40

what are UMN

Back 40

synapse on other neuron

**corticospinal, corticonuclear,

spastic, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, NO immediate atrophy

Front 41

what signs prevalate when both UMN nad LMN are destroyed

Back 41

LMN

Front 42

what causes flaccid, what is spastic? what cauess immediate atrophy?

Back 42

Flaccid: UMN
Spastic: LMN
AtrophY: UMN
No immediate atrophy: UMN

Front 43

name two specific types of LMN and UMN

Back 43

LMN: anterior horn, CN neurons

UMN: corticospinal, corticonuclear

Front 44

would Brown Swquard affect MN or UMN

Back 44

BOTH

Front 45

corticospinal N, UMP or LMN

Back 45

UMN, forms synapse with anterior horn LMN

Front 46

what single leision will affect both UMN and LMN? what sx persist

Back 46

brown sequard, spinal cord hemisection

**LMN when there is damage to both

Front 47

a leision of the R precentral gyrus is caused by what? what is the motor leision? wht else can cause similar sx

Back 47

vascular damage

**leision on left side of body (elbow bent, leg extended and abducted, left mouth drops)

**a leision at ICA or internal capsule will produce similiar results