Nervous System And Nervous Tissue

Front 1

CNS stands for....

Back 1

Central nervous system

Front 2

PNS stands for...

Back 2

Peripheral nervous system.

Front 3

What are the two organizational structures of the nervous system?

Back 3

CNS and PNS

Front 4

What are the 2 functional organizations of the nervous system?

Back 4

Sensory nervous system and motor nervous system .

Front 5

Which direction are impulses moving in relationship to the CNS for the sensory nervous system?

Back 5

Afferent. Toward or into the CNS.

Front 6

Which direction are impulse's moving in relationship to the CNS for the motor nervous system?

Back 6

Efferent. Away from or out of the CNS.

Front 7

What are the 3 general functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems together?

Back 7

1. Collecting information. 2. Processing and evaluating information. 3. Responding to information.

Front 8

What are the 2 subcategories of the sensory nervous system?

Back 8

Somatic sensory and visceral sensory .

Front 9

What are the 2 subcategories of the motor nervous system?

Back 9

Somatic motor and autonomic motor .

Front 10

What information does somatic sensory deal with?

Back 10

Receives sensory information from skin, fasha, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses such as hearing, smell, and seeing.

Front 11

Is the somatic sensory voluntary or involuntary?

Back 11

Voluntary.

Front 12

What information does visceral sensory deal with?

Back 12

Receives sensory information from viscera . (Organs)

Front 13

What word means organs?

Back 13

Viscera or visceral.

Front 14

Is visceral sensory voluntary or involuntary?

Back 14

Involuntary.

Front 15

What does the somatic motor system do? Voluntary or involuntary?

Back 15

Innervates skeletal muscle. Voluntary.

Front 16

What does the autonomic motor system do? Voluntary or involuntary ?

Back 16

Innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands. Involuntary

Front 17

What word means the arriving information or incoming information?

Back 17

Afferent sensory .

Front 18

Which word means sending out information?

Back 18

Efferent .

Front 19

What are the 2 sub divisions of autonomic motor ?

Back 19

Sympathetic and parasympathetic .

Front 20

Describe sympathetic division .

Back 20

Fight or flight. Inhibits digestion.

Front 21

Describe parasympathetic division .

Back 21

Rest and Digest. Promotes digestion .

Hint 21

Peaceful

Front 22

Describe neurons .

Back 22

Diva cells! Excitable cells capable of receiving, generating, and transporting nerve impulses. Nonmytotic. (They don't split to make more. )

Front 23

Described Glial cells .

Back 23

Glial means glue. Non excitable. Support and protect the neurons. Like Gary!

Front 24

Back 24

Front 25

What do dendrites do?

Back 25

They tell the cell body where the information is coming from .

Front 26

What are the 3 parts of the axon?

Back 26

Telodendria, synoptic knobs, myelin sheath.

Front 27

What communicates with other cells away from the cell body?

Back 27

Synoptic knobs .

Front 28

What is the marshmallow coating around the nerves?

Back 28

Myelin sheath.

Front 29

What is the basic neuron structure?

Back 29

Cell body, dendrites, axon. Sub category of axon: Telodendria, synaptic knobs, myelin sheath.

Front 30

What are the 3 classifications of neurons based on function?

Back 30

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons.

Front 31

Describe sensory neurons and alternative term .

Back 31

It is an afferent neuron. They transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS. The cell bodies of most sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia in the PNS . (Clusters outside of PNS???)

Front 32

Described motor neurons and alternative term.

Back 32

Efferent neurons. They transmit nerve impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands). Most motor neuron cell bodies are located in the spinal cord (suburbs).

Front 33

Describe interneurons and alternate term.

Back 33

Association neurons. They receive impulses from other neurons. Found in the CNS. Make up most of the neurons in the CNS .

Front 34

What is this?

Back 34

??? GANGLION CELL?

Front 35

Define ganglion.

Back 35

A group of neuron cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system .

Front 36

Define nerve tract.

Back 36

A bundle of axons found in the central nervous system .

Front 37

Define nucleus.

Back 37

A group of neuron cell bodies located in the central nervous system .

Front 38

What type of cell bodies are located in dorsal root ganglia?

Back 38

Sensory neurons??m

Front 39

Define nerve.

Back 39

A cable like bundle of parallel axons found in the peripheral nervous system.

Front 40

Back 40

Glial cells. Oligodendrocyte. Found in CNS.

Front 41

Glial

Back 41

Neurolemmocytes. PNS

Front 42

Myelination of axons. Which type and how does it form the myelin sheath?

Back 42

Oligodendrocytes CNS ??????

Front 43

Myelination of axons . Which and how does it form the myelin sheath?

Back 43

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) PNS

Front 44

What are the blue lines

Back 44

Tract.

Front 45

Define effector and give examples of structures that are effectors.

Back 45

Cells that are impulsed by motor neurons. Muscles and glands.

Front 46

Define where the cell bodies of motor and sensory neurons are located and be able to indicate where interneurons are found.

Back 46

Sensory is in PNS. Motor is in CNS in the spinal column. Interneurons CNS.

Front 47

What are the 4 regions of the adult brain?

Back 47

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum.

Front 48

Define Gray matter.

Back 48

Contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, Telledendrea, unmyelinated axons.

Front 49

Define white matter .

Back 49

Contains myelinated axons

Front 50

Where is the Gray matter versus the white matter?

Back 50

Gray matter is dark outer lining (cortex) and some inner (cerebral nuclei). White matter is inner.

Front 51

Where is Gray and white matter in the spinal cord?

Back 51

Outer white. Inner gray.

Front 52

Define cerebral hemisphere .

Back 52

Half of cerebrum.

Front 53

Find cerebral cortex .

Back 53

Cortex is like the bark of a tree . Outer lining.

Front 54

Define sulcus in reference to the cerebrum .

Back 54

Valleys.

Front 55

Define gyrus in relationship to the cerebrum .

Back 55

Ridges.

Front 56

Define Fissure in reference to the cerebrum.

Back 56

Really deep sulcus .

Front 57

Where is the longitudinal fissure ?

Back 57

It runs down the center at the brain .

Front 58

What is the separation running transverse on the brain ?

Back 58

Central sulcus .

Front 59

What is the separation above the temporal lobe of the brain ?

Back 59

Lateral sulcus.

Front 60

What allows for to him as spears to communicate?

Back 60

Corpus calossum

Front 61

What are the 5 lobes of the cerebral hemispheres?

Back 61

Frontal lobe. Parietal lobe. Temporal lobe. Occipital lobe. Insula.

Front 62

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Back 62

Voluntary motor functions, concentration, verbal communication, Decision-making, planning, personality.

Front 63

Describe the functions of the parietal lobe.

Back 63

Involved with general sensory function, such as evaluating shape and texture of objects.

Front 64

What are the functions of the temporal lobe ?

Back 64

Involved with hearing and smell.

Front 65

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

Back 65

Processes incoming visual information and stores visual memories.

Front 66

What is the function of the insula?

Back 66

Evolved in memory and the interpretation of taste.

Front 67

What is the 3 components of the Diencephalon?

Back 67

Hypothalamus, Thalamus, epithalamus.

Front 68

What are the functions of the epithalamus ?

Back 68

Inclued the pineal gland, which is involved in regulating the body's circadian rhythms. Produces melatonin.

Front 69

What are the functions of the thalamus?

Back 69

- relay points for all of the conscious senses except olfaction (smell); Forwards it to the cortex.

- filter sensory input.

- tells the cortex where the information came from.

Front 70

Explain the functions of the hypothalamus.

Back 70

- a major integration center for the autonomic nervous system. Influences heart rate blood-pressure, digestive activities and respiration. - control of the endocrine system. Endocrine Hormones. Secretes hormones that effect of the activity of the pituitary gland. - regulation of body temperature. Contains the body's thermostat. - control of emotional behavior. Involved in controlling emotional responses such as fear rage contentment etc. - control of food intake. Produces sensations of hunger - control of water intake - regulation of sleep-wake circadian rhythms. Directs the pineal gland.

Front 71

Identify find the pituitary gland .

Back 71

Front 72

What are the 3 components of the brain-stem?

Back 72

Midbrain, pons, medula oblongata.

Front 73

Describe the major functions of the brain-stem as a whole.

Back 73

Contains many autonomic centers. Rate and depth of breathing, rate and strength of heart contractions, blood-pressure. Contains reflex centers. Houses nuclei for many of the cranial nerves. Involved in coughing, sneezing, salivating ,Swallowing, gagging, vomiting.

Front 74

What connects the brain to the spinal cord?

Back 74

The brainstem.

Front 75

What part of the brain is used in a sobriety test?

Back 75

Cerebellum .

Front 76

Be able to identify and define the cerebellum, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar hemispheres, and Arbor vitea.

Back 76

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Front 77

The major functions of the cerebellum?

Back 77

Coordinate muscle movements. smooth coordinated muscle movements. Maintains posture and equilibrium. Regulates the body's position.

Front 78

What are the major functions of the limbic system?

Back 78

Composed of multiple cerebral and diencephalic structures. Process and experience emotion; involved in motivation, emotion, and memory with an emotional association.

Front 79

Name the meninges for most superficial to deepest.

Back 79

Epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid space, sub arachnoid space, pia mater.

Front 80

Back 80

Front 81

Back 81

Front 82

Back 82

Front 83

Back 83

Front 84

Define dural venous sinus.

Back 84

Help to drain blood from the brain.

Front 85

Define the term cranial dural septa.

Back 85

These membranous partition separate specific parts of the brain and provide additional stabilization and support to the entire brain .

Front 86

What are the four individual septas ?

Back 86

Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, Falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae

Front 87

List the structures in the brain each cranial dural septa is associated with (what structures do they cover or separate?)

Back 87

Falx cerebri (cerebrum) (largest, sickle-shaped, Attaches to Crista Galli, And occipital crest. ) Tentorium cerebelli (It is a tent over the cerebellum .) Falx cerebelli (Sickle shaped, divides left and right cerebellar hemispheres .) Diaphragma sellae (Forms a roof over the sella turcica, Attaches to the pituitary gland .)

Front 88

Defined and identify and understand the relationship to one another; lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle, central canal.

Back 88

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Front 89

What are the holes in the head filled with cerebral spinal fluid?

Back 89

Brain ventricles. Lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles.

Front 90

What produces cerebrospinal fluid ?

Back 90

Choroid plexus.

Front 91

Defined cerebrospinal fluid. (CSF)

Back 91

??????Buoyancy, protection, environmental stability. Clear liquid that circulates in the ventricles and subarachnoid space.?????

Front 92

What's structure forms CSF and where is CSF formed ?

Back 92

Choroid plexus in the in ventricles.

Front 93

Describe and follow CSF circulation .

Back 93

Buoyancy, protection, environmental stability. Clear liquid that circulates in the ventricles and subarachnoid space.?????

Front 94

Define arachnoid villi and their role in CFS circulation .

Back 94

???????449-450

Front 95

Where is CSF found?

Back 95

In the subarachnoid space and ventricles.

Front 96

Describe the function of the blood-brain barrier .

Back 96

The blood-brain barrier keeps the neurons in the brain from being exposed to some normal substances, certain drugs, waste products in the blood, and variations in levels of normal substances, like hormones, that could adversely affect brain function .

Front 97

What's the 12 cranial nerves in order, including their names . 1-6

Back 97

CN1. Olfactory nerve. Smell. Cribriform foramina. CN2. Optic nerve. Vision. Optic canal. CN3 oculomotor. Sematic eye motor. Superior orbital fissure. CN4. Trochlear. Superior oblique. Superior orbital fissure. CN5. Trigeminal nerve. V1 Opthalmic (sensory eyes) superior orbital fissure. V2 Maxillary . Upper jaw, top teeth) Foramen Rotundum. V3 (Muscles of mastication, lower teeth) Foramen oval. CN6. Abducens. Lateral rectus. Superior orbital fissure .

Front 98

Make cards for last 2 questions and objectives .

Back 98

Bbbbblllllaaaahhhh

Front 99

What's the 12 cranial nerves in order, including their names .

Back 99

CN7. Facial nerve. Anterior 2/3 of the tongue and facial expression. Stylomastoid foramen. CN8. Vestibulocochlear nerve. Hearing and equilibrium. Internal acoustic meatus. CN9. Glossopharyngeal nerve. Posterior 1/3 of the tongue and pharnyx. Jugular foramen. CN10. Vegus nerve. Heart abdominal pharyngeal, laryngeal. Jugular foramen. CN11. Accessory nerve. Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. Jugular foramen. CN12. Hypoglossal nerve. Muscles of the tongue. Hypoglossal canal.