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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define - Nervous system |
Controls and adjust activity of the body; chemical signals (Neurotransmitters); rapid effects |
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Define - Endocrine system |
Can work locally, systemically and btw organism; chemical signals (Hormones); long-lasting effects |
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List the functions of the nervous system |
Sensation Integration Action |
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Define - Sensation |
Feelings, hearing, seeing, smelling, etc. |
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Define - Integration |
Thinking, processing, deciding, coordination, etc. |
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Define - Action |
Motor control - conscious or not |
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Two divisions of the nervous system |
Central Peripheral |
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Define - Central |
Brain and spinal cord |
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Define - Peripheral |
Everything else |
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Define - Afferent |
Brings sensory information to the CNS |
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Define - Efferent |
Carries motor commands away from CNS |
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Define - Somatic |
Intellect feeling; feeling a bird in your hand you can feel |
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Define - Visceral |
Deep inward feelings rather than to the intellect; stretching or chemical |
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Describe nervous tissue |
Two types of cells working together (Neurons and neuroglia) |
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Define - Neuroglia |
5x more abundant than neurons Can serve as "CT" in nervous tissue |
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Characteristics of a neuron |
1. Cell that does NOT divide 2. Demands large amount of energy 3. Conductor of signals, more important for us |
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List the 4 structures of neurons |
1. Anaxonic 2. Pseudounipolar 3. Bipolar 4. Multipolar |
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What is, Anaxonic |
Many processes, cannot differ axons and dendrites, only in CNS, poorly understood |
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What does Anaxonic look like |
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What is, Pseudounipolar |
Cell body on one side of axon, sensory neurons |
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What does Pseudounipolar look like |
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What is, Bipolar |
Cell body btw dendrite and axon, rarest type, special senses: Vision, hearing, smell |
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What does Bipolar look like |
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What is, Multipolar |
1 axon, many dendrites, most common type, most motor neurons |
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What does Multipolar look like |
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Describe the 3 functional classes of neurons |
1. Sensation 2. Integration 3. Action |
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Define - Receptor |
Special cell, dendrite, or organ that responds to specific stimuli; alters activity of sensory neurons |
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List the 3 categories of receptor |
1. Exteroceptors 2. Proprioceptors 3. Interoceptors |
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Define - Exteroceptors |
Provide information about environment |
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Define - Proprioceptors |
Monitor the position and movement of the body and its parts |
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Define - Interoceptors |
Monitor internal organ activity |
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List the 3 structure with which neurons communicate |
Another neuron Muscle Glands |
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General characteristics (6) of nuroglia |
1. Supporting cells 2. Isolate neurons 3. Build framework 4. Maintain environment 5. Act as phagocytes (Eaters) 6. CAN reproduce |
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Neurons are a ___ and done deal |
one |
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Describe the neuroglia of the PNS |
Satellite cells Schwann cells |
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Define - Satellite cells |
Surrond neurons, regulate exchange, isolate neurons |
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Define - Schwann cells |
Myelinate axons |
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Explain neuronal repairs in PNS |
1. Damage occurs 2. Macrophages eat up debris 3. Schwann cells form tunnel 4. Axon growth is guided through tunnel to former destination |
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Explain neuronal repairs in the CNS |
Doesn't really happen often because of tightly packed cells and the scar tissue formed by astrocytes |
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Define - Synapse |
Functional connection btw neuron and another cell |
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Explain how action potentials and synapses are related |
Action potential (Electrical) is converted to synapse (Chemical) Release chemical (Neurotransmitters) that travel from action potential neuron to the next neuron (or cell) |
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Define - Tract |
Group of AXONS in CNS; white matter |
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Define - Column |
Group of AXONS in CNS; white matter |
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Define - Nucleus |
Group of CELL BODIES in CNS; gray matter |
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Define - Cortex |
Group of CELL BODIES in CNS; gray matter |
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Define - Nerve |
Group of AXONS in PNS |
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Define - Ganglion |
Group of CELL BODIES in PNS |
