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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition
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Health and safety scope and nature
Definition Health - the absence of disease Safety - the absence of risk of serious personal injury Welfare - access to basic facilities Accident - an unplanned, unwanted event which leads to injury, damage, loss Near miss - an unplanned, unwanted event that had the potential to lead to injury, damage or loss (but did not ,in fact, do so) Dangerous occurrence - a specified event that has to be reported to the relevant authority by statute law Hazard - something with potential to cause harm Risk - the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm in combination with the severity of injury, damage or loss that might occur Barriers to good h/s Complexity - co-ordination of many people performing different activities / finding a solution requires extensive background knowledge and awareness of consequences of various course of actions Conflicting demands - the need to supply a product or service at an appropriate speed so as to make a profit (vs) the need to do so without risk to peoples health / comply with multiple standards ( ILO and environmental protection laws) Behavior - the behavior of an individual when carrying out the task affects the health and safety standards, people do not behave ideally therefore error |
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Key elements of health and safety
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Key elements of health and safety
ILO-OSH 2001 ( ILO's occupational safety and health management system ) safety and health management system can be summarized as Policy - clear statement to establish health and safety as prime commitment of management Organization - framework of roles and responsibilities for health and safety, includes appointing a specialist staff Planning and implementation - detailed arrangements , concept of risk assessment, the identification and implementation of safe system of work and protective measures Evaluation - methods must be devised to monitor and review the effectiveness of the arrangement put into place Action for improvement - shortcomings identified by the review process must be corrected Audit - arrangements must be made for the independent, systematic and critical examination of the safety management system to ensure that all parts are working acceptably well Continual improvement - safety management system does not remain static, it will develop over time and become more appropriate to the companys need The health and safety policy is an important document because it states the organizations aims regarding health and safety and who is responsible for achieving such and how the aim is to be achieved This policy is a framework of general and specific health and safety responsibilities for staff and guidance on detailed arrangements to protect employees and others from harm as a result of workplace activities Policy influences the decision making within the organization Senior management who formulate it, decide what h/s standards they will commit to and allocate the resources accordingly Middle and Junior management who implement it, make sure their decisions are in line with the policy and does not work against it The policy reflects on the particular circumstance of the individual organization, the hazards and risks, size, and complexity of the organization. Therefore the policy must be tailored to fit the organization that it exist to serve |
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Maintaining and promoting health and safety
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Maintaining and promoting H/S
Three reasons why an organisation has to manage H/S: Moral (Societal) - Humanitarian : people shouldnt be killed or injury whilst making a living Social (legal) - societys expectation : societys law and standards punish organisations that breach H/S laws Economical ( Financial ) - financial : implementing h/s costs money but long term its cost effective *ILO - international labour organisation * The legal responsibility for h/s at work rests primarily on employer Employers must provide Safe place of work - safe access to and from the workplace Safe plant and equipment - all equipment / machinery workers use must be reasonably safe without health risk Safe system of work - recognized procedure for safe conduct of work activites. These procedures should cover all foreseeable possiblities Training supervision and competency of staff - must provide adequate training so they are aware of the hazards and risk inherent in their work, safe system of work and emergency procedures Direct costs - measurable costs arised directly from the accident ( fines in criminal courts , compensation payable to victim , lost or damaged product ) Indirect costs - arise indirectly as a consequence of the event ( loss of staff morale , loss of staff from productive duties for investigations, compliance to enforcement notice, damage of public image and company reputation ) |
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Key features of health and safety policy
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Key features of health an safety policy
The policy is usually presented in 3 sections General statement of intent - outlines the importance the organization places on health and safety and its commitment that can be expected. It sets the aim and objective the organization aims for Should be signed by the CEO (Cheif executive officer) , MD ( managing director) ,etc to authorize the policy This person has the ultimate responsibility for health and safety in the organization Should be dated to indicated the current statement and provide a reference point for review Organization - highlights the roles an responsibility that exists on every level within the organization Lines the responsibility and accountability Outlines the chain of command An organization chart showing responsibility and accountability, the chart displays lines of communication and feedback routes Arrangement - details on how the organization manages health and safety General arrangements as to how to manage health and safety and specific arrangements also the particular risks relevant to the organizations and its activities The health and safety policy must be up to date to stay relevant Statement of intent includes the objective of the organization and targets such as "lower accident rates" ( targets may be set in relation to past performances or the performance of other similar organizations or the industry as a whole Reviewing the policy - subject to regular view and remain current and relevant Circumstances to review policy Technological changes (new plant , processes) Organizational changes (New CEO, MD) Legal changes ( New legislation) Change of work the organization does Audit, investigation, risk assessment no longer effective When requested by a third party Enforcement action Consultation with workforce After passage of time R164 article 14 states Employers must set out in writing their policy and arrangement in the field of occupational safety and the various responsibilities that follows and to bring this information to all workers in language or medium in which everyone understands |
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Concept of health and safety culture
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Concept of health and safety culture
Deterioration of health and safety culture Lack of leadership Blame culture Lack of management commitment to safety Health and safety being a lower priority than other business issues Organisational change ( cause confusion in communication) High staff turn over rate Lack of resource Lack of worker consultation Bullying harassment Poor management system |
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Factors influencing behavioural issues
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Factors influencing safety related behavior
Behavior is affected by the follow 3 groups Organisational - safety culture of the organization Policies and procedures Commitment and leadership of management Levels of supervision Peer group pressure Consultation and worker involvement Communication Resources Training Work patterns - extreme fatigue cause poor performance and increase risk Job - Task - ergonomic requirements (characteristic of the work) Workload - amount of work, rate of work Environment - workplace conditions Display and controls - poorly designed display and controls can contribute to the likelihood of human error Procedures - quality of work procedure Individual Knowledge Experience Attitude Motivation Habits Personality Fatigue Illness Stress Drugs and alcohol Previous experience Training and education Can cause a persons perception to be distorted Health and safety induction train program 1. Fire and other emergency procedures 2. Safe movement around the workplace 3.general safety rules such as no smoking areas 4. Location of welfare facilities Etc |
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Organisational roles
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Organisational health and safety roles
Employer - ultimate responsibility for ensuring the workplace is safe Worker - have a duty to take care of their own health and safety and the health and safety of others Directors & senior managers - responsible for setting policy and allocating resources to allow it to work effectively Middle managers & supervisors - responsible for executing the policy of their organisation operationally Safety specialist - responsible for giving correct advice and guidance to the organisation and its workers Clients - responsible for choosing contractors carefully and planning and monitoring their work to ensure safety Contractors - responsible for their own health and safety an of others who their work might affect When selecting a contractor we need to check Copy of their health and safety policy Examples of risk assessment (generic) Qualification and training records of staff ( proof of competence) Membership of a professional organisation or certified body Record of maintenance and test of plant and equipment Name of previous and current clients (reference) Accident history records Enforcement records Suppliers & manufacturers - responsible for ensuring that items of plant are adequately designed, constructed and tested Controllers of the premises Depending of the tenancy agreement the controller of the premises would be responsible for ensuring safety that are within their control Self employed - responsible of safety of own and others Joint occupiers of premises - co-op and co-ordination |
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Roles of national and international bodies
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Roles of national n international bodies
ILO ( international labour organization) set 2 primary outputs conventions and recommendations, these are international standards of health and safety In 1981 ILO adopted the Occupational safety and health convention (C155) - basic policy for health and safety at both national level and level of the individual undertaking Occupational safety and health recommendation (R164) - supplements C155 , provides a detaile guidance on how to comply with C155 policies, in particular it identifies obligations General recognition of C155 and R164 is that most of the responsibility for ensuring good standards lies with the employer, also workers have responsibilities to protect them selves Article 16 of C155 states the basic obligation of an employer 1. Ensure the workplace, machinery, equipment and process are under control and safe without risk 2. Ensure the chemical, physical and biological substance and agents under control are safe and without risk to health 3. Provide adequate protective clothing and equipment to prevent risks of accident or of adverse effects on health R164 article 10 states these obligations To provide workplaces and equipments and work methods which are safe without risk to health Provide appropriate instruction and training Provide necessary supervision To put in place health and safety arrangements adapted to suit size and nature of the undertaking Provide any personal protection clothing and equipment free of charge Ensure work hours do not adversely affect workers health and safety Remove any extreme physical and mental fatigue Stay up to date with knowledge to comply with the above C155 article 19 states all workers an their representatives have to co-operate with their employer so that he can fulfill his safety obligations R164 provides more detail Workers should Take reasonable care of their own safety an others that might be affected Comply with safety instructions and procedures Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper with them Report any situation believed to be hazardous which they cannot correct themselves Report any work related accident or ill health C155 Article 19 gives worker basic rights Right to be provided with adequate information on actions the employer has taken or take to ensure safety and health Right to necessary training in occupational safety and health Consulted by the employer on all matters occupational safety and health relating their work Leave the workplace which he has reason to think presents a imminent and serious danger to his life or health and not be compelled to return until it is safe Failure to comply with these standards and regulations will result in consequences such as Formal enforcement action - force an employer to make improvement within the workplace within a given time period, stop carrying out high risk activities altogether until improvements are made Prosecution of organization in criminal court - successful prosecution might result in punishment in form of fine Prosecution of individual such as directors, managers or workers - successful prosecution might result in punishment in form of fine and/or imprisonment |
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Importance of planning
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Importance of planning
Organisations must establish a system for effective identification implementation and maintenance of health and safety requirements The organisation objective should be SMART Specific - a clear defined, precise objective Measurable - it is possible to measure achievement of ( or towards) the target , usually by quantifying the objective Achievable - it can be done Reasonable - within a timescale set and with the resources allocated Time bound - a deadline or timescale is set for completion of the objectiveq |
