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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hind limb flexor name and function? |
- M. Tibialis cranialis (flex hock) - M. Extensor digitorum longus (flexes tarsal) - M Triceps surae (only M. Gastrocnemius in dog) flex stifle. - M. Flexor digitorum superficialis. |
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Brachial muscle and name its antagonist? |
-Brachial muscle flexes (elbow joint) - Antagonist - M. Tensor faciae antibrachii |
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- Name the marked muscle? (M. extensor carpi radialis)
- And an example of antagonist muscle? |
M. flexor carpi radialis
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Name at least 3 types of bursa synovialis? |
- Bursa synovialis subcutanea " " submuscularis " " subfacialis " " subtendinea |
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Name 2 inspiration muscles? |
mm. intercostales extern M. Rectus thoracis Diaphragma |
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M. Biceps brachii - Name its antagonist? |
M. Triceps branchii ( M. biceps brachii extends shoulder joint and flexes elbow joint, M. triceps brachi opposite). |
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M. Obliquus internus abdominis -Name its antagonist? |
M. obliquus externus abdominis |
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M. Vastus medialis - is it a part of M. quadriceps femoris? |
Yes |
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What are the rectile muscles of vagina? |
mm. recti abdominis. |
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Name two joints between the rib and vertebral column? |
- Art. capitis costae - Art. costotransversaria |
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What ligament is found at axis in dog, and different in horse |
- Nuchal ligament in dog it arises from the axis, in the horse it arises from the occipital bone. |
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which animals does not have lamina nuchae? |
Dog and cat. |
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name 2 types of accessory structures in muscles? |
- Sesamoid bone, - Fascia |
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M. longus capitis - What is its function? |
Flexes neck. |
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Name 3 Accessory structures of the muscle? |
- Sesamoid bone - Synovial tendon sheets - Synovial bursae facia |
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M. gastrocnemius ( from M. triceps surae) - Name its heads only in dog? |
- Caput mediale - Caput laterale |
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Name the marked muscle and its antagonist? |
- M. Biceps femoris Antagonist: - M. Quadriceps femoris - M. sartorius - M. tensor faciae latae - M. iliopsoas |
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joint between the os coxae and sacrum? |
Art. sacriliaca |
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Triceps brachi bellys? |
- Caput longum, - Caput laterale, - caput mediale, -Caput accessorium (only in dog). |
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Name openings at diaphragm muscles?
function? |
- Diaphram= muscutenainous plate responsible for inspiration. - Muscular part of it surrounds centrum tendineum. - Openings: (aorta with celiac artery= in) aortic hiatus, ( esophages in) Esophageal hiatus and (caudal vena cava) on caval foramen. |
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- Name 1 e.g. of Art. Plana
- Name 1 e.g. of Ginglymus |
- Art. plana: Art. sacroiloaca
- Ginglymus: elbow joint
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which muscles form rectus vaginalis? |
mm. Recti abdominis. |
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Name the main components of symphysis intervertebralis? |
- Nucleus pulposus - Anulus fibrosus - Discus intervertebralis. |
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which ligaments are included in the femorotibial joint? |
- Ligg. cruciate agenus - Ligg. collaterale mediale/ laterale
Art. meniscus (lateralis et. medialis).
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name 2 short ligaments of the vertebral column? |
- Ligg. Flava
- Ligg. interspinalia |
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the biggest head of the quadriceps femoris muscle? |
M. Vastus lateralis |
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Which layer do the capsula articularis consist of? Underline which one forms ligaments |
- Stratum fibrosum ( forms ligaments)
- Stratum synoviale |
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Which type of joint represents sutura? give example of this type of joint? |
- Fibrous joint
- e.g. satura sagittalis |
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Name two long ligaments of the vertebral column? |
- Lig nuchae - lig. longitudinale dorsale et. ventrale, - Lig. supraspinale |
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name 2 muscles according to its shape? |
- M. longissimus - M. trapezius - M. longus colli - M. longus capitis. |
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What forms linea alba? |
Aponeurose fusion of the straight abdominal muscles separates left & right rectus abdomins muscles. |
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Name the marked muscle? |
M. triceps brachii, Caput mediale |
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knee and elbow joint in latin? |
- Knee: Art. genus - art femarotibialis et art femorpatellaris
- Elbow: art cubiti |
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Name 2 joints of the vertebrae and ribs? |
Art. costovertebrales:
-art. capitis costae - art. costotransversaria |
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Name the elastic structure that connects to the marked structure on the bone. name the attachment cranially? |
- lig. interspinalia ( on processus spinosus)
- lig. nuchae - pars funisulus nuchae |
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name parts of the nuchal ligament? |
funiculus nuchae
laminae nuchae |
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structure formed in caudal part of internal abdominal oblique muscle? |
- cranial wall of the deep inguinal ring
( annulus inguinalis profundus) |
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what makes up a synovial joint? |
- Articular surfaces - Articular cartilage - Articular cavity
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M. Brachiocephalicus - Name its parts? |
- pars cervicalis - pars mastoidea
from M. cleidocephalicus, brachrocephalic muscle divides into m. cleidocephalicus and m. cleidobrachialis. |
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Name the marked muscle (M. obliquus abdominis externus) does this play any role in formation of inguinal canal? |
yes, also M. rectus abdominis |
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Name in latin the ligament extending between the os sacrum and the os coxae in large animals? |
Lig. sacrotuberale latum |
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name 2 types of art. cartila gineae (cartilaginous joint) |
- Synchondrosis
- symphysis |
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M. ptergoideus medialis - Which functional group of the head muscles does it belong to? |
Muscles of mastication |
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Name the flexors of the thoracic limb? |
- M. flexor carpi radialis - M. flexor carpi ulnaris 1) caput humerale 2) caput ulnare - M. flexor digitorum superficialis - M flexor digitorum profundus 1) caput humerale 2) caput radiale (on the bone) 3) caput ulnare |
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List the 3 most important satures of the skull? |
1) satura coronalis - frontal - parietal bones 2) satura saggittalis - left - right parietal bones 3)satura lambdoidea - parietal - occipital bone |
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-NB... Where does lig. longitudinale ventrale go? |
8th thoracic- sacrum (ventral surface of vertebral bodies) |
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Which group of joints according to uniting tissues represent gomphosis? give example? |
Fibrous joints - bones are united by dense connective tissues, e.g. alveolus dentalis |
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2 types of ligaments? |
-intracapsular ligaments
- extracapsular ligaments |
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name the joints of art. cubiti? |
- art. humeroulnaris
- art. humeroradialis |
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how is the bones formed in sutura squamosa? |
- overlapping of contiguous bones (like tiles on a roof)
- between parietal an temporal bones. |
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name the expiratory muscles? |
- M. serratus dorsalis
- mm. intercostales interni
- M. transversus thoracis |
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what are the elements of the synovial joints? |
- articular surface - articular cartilage - articular cavity |
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Name the functional groups of the head muscles? |
- mimetic muscles - muscles of mastication - other striated muscles related to the digestive system ( striated muscles) |
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name at least 2 types of bursae synoviales? |
- bursa synovialis submuscularis - bursa synovialis subfascialis - bursa synovialis subtendinea |
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name in latin the fibrocartilagineous rim extending the cavity forming the shoulder joint? |
lambrum glenoidale |
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name the passive part of the muscle and its less mobile attachment? ( and moveable attachment) |
Tendon = passive part origin = less mobile attachment (insertion = moveable attachment) |
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name in latin the space between the adjacent bones of the joint surrounded by the joint capsule? which layer of capsule forms villi and folds? |
cavium articulares
synovial layer |
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name the layer of connective tissue that A) ensheats a muscle fiber, B) ensheats the entire muscle, C) ensheats a fascicle of muscle fibers |
A) Endomysium B) Epimysium C) perimysium |
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name the parts of art. femorotibialis? |
meniscus lateralis meniscus medialis Ligg. cruciata genus lig. collatirale (femorotibiale) laterale lig. collaterale (femorotibiale) mediale |
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list the different types of extracapsular ligaments? |
collateral ligaments dorsal and palmar/ plantar lig. annular ligaments |
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what is aponeuroses? |
a flat broad tendon, usually associated with flat muscles. |
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N.B.
- name the 2 parts of M. cleidocephalicus (from m. brachiocephalicus) |
- pars cervicalis
-pars mastoidea |
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what muscle does M. cleidocephalicus belong to?
- what parts does it devide into? |
- M. brachiocephalicus 1) m. cleidocephalicus 2) m. cleidobrachialis
- M. Cleidocephalicus pars cervicalis - M. cleidocephalicus pars mastoidea |
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-N.B. - which type of joint represents sutura? give e.g. of this type of joint? |
Fibrous joint e.g. - satura saggitalis - satura cornalis - satura lambdoidea
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-N.B. - name one e.g. of art. plana and one e.g. of ginglymus? |
- art plana = art. sacroiliaca
- ginglymus = elbow joint |
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a form of cartilaginous joint in which union between 2 bones is effected by fibrocartilage without a synovial membrane? |
Symphysis
e.g.
-symphysis pelvina - symphysis intervertebralis |
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name the 2 joints of the stifle joint? |
- art. femorotibialis
- art. femoropatellaris |
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intracapsular ligaments? |
- lig. capitis ossis femoris
- ligg. cruciata genus |
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name muscles that are named after their shape? |
- M. longissimus
-M. trapezius |
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Name the muscles that draw the neck laterally? |
- M. splenius
- M. brachiocephalicus |
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list the compoents of Art. femoropatellaris? |
lig. patellae retinaculum patellae mediale retinaculum patellae laterale |
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name the bellies of M. Digastricus? |
- venter rostralis - venter caudalis
anterior belly posterior belly |
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fibrous layer is composed of? |
- white fibrous tissue
containing yellow elastic fibers.
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what is the function of tunica flava abdominis? |
extensive sheet of elastic tissue that supports the abdomen |
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where does lig. capitis costae intraarticulare go? |
Crista capitis costae - dorsal surface of two vertebras and intervertebral discs. |
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unguligrade? |
species walk on their tiptoes, often on hooves
e.g. deer and horses.... |
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what is the function of M. depressor labii inferioris? |
pulls lower lip down... |
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where does lig. Nauchae go? |
axis (car)/ occipital bone (eq, bo) - lig. supraspinale. |
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what is syndesmosis? |
- Bones are joined by dense CT forming an interosseous membrane or ligament
- permits slight movement e.g. -the attachment of the hyoid apparatus to the temporal bone. |
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what is an agonist muscle? |
the muscle directly responsible for producing the desired action.. |
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Art. genis? (location) |
stifle joint
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where does lig. capitis costae radiatum go? |
ventral surface of the head of the rib-- bodies of two adjacent vertebras |
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what is the function of M. levator nasolabialis and M. Caninus. |
raises upper lip and dilates nostrils |
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name the 3 most important joint of art. tarsi? |
-Art. talocalcaneocentralis - Art. talocalcanea - Art. calcaneoquartalis |
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how many bones meet in a simple joint?
how many bones meet in a compose joint? |
1) 2 bones
2) more than 2 bones |
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extracapsular ligaments-
on what aspect of a joint do you find the collateral ligaments? |
lie on medial and lateral aspects of the joints |
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plantigrade? |
species that place their foot including podials and metapodials on the ground
e.g. humans, bears... |
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function of M. masseter? |
large lateral muscle of mastication |
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how are the bones united in sutura serrata? |
by irregular interlocking processes ( saw like) - sutra interfrontalis |
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what is the function of M. zygomaticus? |
draws back the angle of the mouth |
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a form of articulation in which the bones are rigidly fused by cartilage is? |
synchondrosis |
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name to parts of lig nuchae? |
funiculus nuchae
laminae nuchae |
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give 2 e.g. of accessory structures of muscles? |
- synovial tendon sheets -synovial bursae - fascia -seasamoid bones |
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name at least 2 types of bursae synovialis? |
- bursa synovalis submuscularis, - " " subtendinea, - " " subfacialis, - " " subcutanea. |
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name the joint between articular processes? |
Artt. processum articularium |
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name the inspiratory muscles? |
- mm. scaleni - m. serratus dorsalis - mm. intercostales externa - m. rectus thoracis
diaphragma |
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name the divisions of M. semispinalis? |
- M. semispinalis thoracis - M. semispinalis cervicis - M. semispinalis capitis - M. Biventer cervicis (car) - M. complexus (car) |
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Name 2 parts of art. intermandibularis? |
- synchondrosis intermandibularis (smaller part)
- Satura intermandibularis ( larger part) |
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Name in latin the fibrocartilagenous rim extending the cavity forming the shoulder joint? |
Labrum glenoidale |
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latin name of costovertebral joint |
art. capitis costae |
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articulations synovialis can be divided into 2 groups? |
- Articulatio simplex
- Articulatio composita |
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name the 2 parts/ heads of m. gastrocnemius? |
- caput mediale
- caput laterale |
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where do you find the annular ligaments on the joints? |
- annular lig. surround the joint |
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5 considerations that decide name of muscles? |
- action - shape - position - direction - sturcture |
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on what aspect do you find the dorsal and palmar ligaments? |
in front of and behind the joint...
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function of M. pterygoideus lateralis and M. pterygoideus medialis? |
L: smallest muscle of mastication
M: large medial muscle of mastication. |
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which type of joint represents sutura? |
- Fibrous joints
e.g. sutura segittalis |
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which layer of capsula articularis consist of?
underline the one which forms ligaments |
1) - synovial layer
- fibrous layer ( underline)
2) fibrous layer - may be thickened in certain areas to form extracapsular ligaments. |
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what is the function of diaphragm? |
- Breathing
- Inspiratory |
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Where does lig. costotransversarium go? |
Between neck of ribs and transverse processes |
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Name the joint having the discus articularis? |
- temporomandibular joint |
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what is synovial layer? |
-Vascular CT extending from the edges of the articular cartilages of the adjacent bone. - does not cover the articular surfaces -secrets the synovial fluid |
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name the antagonist of M. biceps brachii? |
M. triceps brachii |
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name 2 short ligaments of the vertebral column? |
ligg. flava ligg. interspinalia |
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list 2 parts of intervertebral disc? |
(no answer) |
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Digitgrade? |
species that walk with most of the length of their digits, but not the soles of their feet, in contact with the ground
e.g. dogs and raccoons
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function of sternocephalicus? |
flex head and neck... |
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intracapsular ligaments are found where? |
within the joints and are surrounded by the synovial membrane |
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What is the m. erector spinae? |
- M. semispinalis et. M. spinalis (fused in dog) - M. longissimus - M. ilocostalis
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name in latin of the ungular joints? |
art. interphalangeae distalis manus
distal interphalangeal joints |
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what is schindylesis? |
a thin plate of one bone is recived into a cleft in another |
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what is vagina musculi recti abdominis? |
formed by aponeuroses of abdominal muscles as they course to linea alba |
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what are the classification of joints? |
- Articulationes fibrosae - Articulationes cartilaginea - articulationes synovialis |
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list the different parts of diaphragm? |
1) pars lumbalis - crus dextrum - crus sinistrum 2) pars costalis 3) pars sternalis 4) centrum tendineum |
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Where are extracapsular ligaments found? |
external to the joint capsule |
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function of M. temporalis? and M. digastious? |
- raises mandible in order to close the mouth
- opens mouth |
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the joint capsule of synovial joints consists of? |
- synovial layer
- fibrous layer
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gomphosis is the attachment of ? e.g.? |
of a tooth to the bone of its socket
(alveolus dentalis) |
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What is linea alba? |
- Fibrous structure formed by the fusion of the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles.
- seperates left and right M. rectus abdominis |
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what group can fibrous joints be devided into?
(articulationes fibrosae) |
- syndesmosis
-sutura
-gomphosis |
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articulations cartilage divides into two groups? |
synchondrosis symphysis |
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The bones meet at an essentially right angled edge or surfaces. What suture is this? |
Sutura Plana |
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What is sutura? |
A fibrous joint between the bones of the skull |
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What is the function of m. levator labii superioris? |
Raise upper lip |
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Latin name of elbow joint? |
Art. Cubiti |
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Does fibrous joints have cavity? |
No cavity. Bones are united by dense CT |
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Name the main groups of sutures in the skull. |
Sutura serrata sutura squamosa Sutura foliata Sutura plana Schindylesis |
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Where does lig. longitudinale dorsale go? |
Dens axis --> sacrum |
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What is a "antagonist" muscle? |
A muscle the acts in opposition to specific movement generated by the "agonist" and is responsible for returning a limb to its initial position |
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Function of m.buccinator. |
Muscle of the cheek. |
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Which muscles for the tendo calcaneus communis |
m. triceps surae m. flexor digitorum superficialis m. biceps femoris (calcaneal branch) m. semitendosis (calcaneal branch)
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What type of joint is the art. atlantoaxialis |
Art. Trochoidea |
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Give one example of Art. Plana and one example of Art. Speroidea |
Art. Sacroiliaca
Art. Spheroidea: - Art. Coxae - Art. Humeri
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Name in Latin the ligament extending between os sacrum and os coxae in large animals |
Lig. Sacrotuberale Latum |
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M. Rectus femoris |
M. Quadriceps femoris |
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Write a short definition of Physiological cross-sectional area? |
Total area of the cross-sections perpendicular to the muscle fibres |
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Name the intracapsular ligaments of the art.femorotibialis |
Ligg. cruciata genus |
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What does Lig. intercapitale do |
Connects the head of the same segment (part of lig. capitis costae intraarticulare) |
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What is the function of m. orbicularis oris and m. orbicularis oculi? |
Sphincter of mouth Sphincter of eyelids |
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Name the muscles belonging to tendo calcaneus communis |
-M. Triceps Surae -M. Fleoxor Digitorum superficialis -M. Biceps Femoris -M. Semitendinosis |
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Where does lig. longitudinal ventral go? |
8th thoracic --> sacrum (ventral surface of the vertebral bodies) |
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Name the ligament which reinforces the costovertebral joint |
Lig. Intercapitale |
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Give a short definition of the deep ingual ring? Name the muscular structure forming the ring. |
Area caudal to the last muscle fibres of m.obliquus internus abdominis, ;ateral to m.rectus abdominis The deep inguinal ring is formed by the caudal border of the internal oblique abdominal muscle and the lateral border of the straight abdominal muscle craniomedially |
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Give one example of Ginglymus and one example of art. ellipsoidea |
-Elbow joint -Atlanto-occipital joint |
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Name in latin the space between the adjacent bones of the joint surrounded by the joint capsule? Which layer of this capsule forms the villi and folds? |
Synovial joints - Cavum articulare - Synovial layer may contain folds and villi |
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Name the intracapsular ligament of the art. coxae |
lig. capitis ossis femoris |
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Name in latin the ligament extending between the os sucrum and os coxe in dog? |
Lig. saccrotuberale |
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What 2 types of joints does art. intermandibularis have/consist of? |
-Synchondrosis (smallest) intermandibularus -Sutura intermandibularis (larger part) |
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Name the main components of symphysis intervertebralis? |
Nucleus pulposus Anulus fibrosus Discus intervertebralis |
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Name the 2 parts of m. digastricus? |
Anterior belly Posterior belly |
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Name the two membranes strengthening the atlanto-occipital joint |
Ventral atlantooccipital membrane Dorsal atlantooccipital membrane |
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List the two main types of the " Articulationes cartilaginea" |
- synchondrosis
- symphysis (united by cartiliage) |
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which group of joints represents schindylesis?
e.g. ? |
- Articulationes fibrosae
- Sutura
articulation of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone with the vomer. |
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joints are formed when? |
two or more bones are united by:
- fibrous, elastic or cartilaginous tissue |
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Give examples of art. ellipsoidea |
Atlanto - occipital joint |
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name the passive part of the muscle and its less mobile attachment? |
passive part = Tendon
less mobile attachment = origin
moveable attachment = insertion |
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name the 2 joints of the stifle joint (art. genus) |
- femorotibial joint (art. femorotibialis)
- femoropatellar joint (art. femoropatellaris) |
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where do you find meniscus articularis? |
found in the femorotiabial joint |
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which group of joints according to uniting tissue represents gomphosis? |
fibrous joints (articulationes fibrosae)
e.g. alveolus dentalis |
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Name the muscle located over the ribs, filling the intercostal spaces? function? antagonist? |
- mm. intercostales externi
- inspiration
- mm. intercostales interni |
