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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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frontal belly |
Head Muscle O - epicranial aponeurosis I - skin of eyebrow, bridge of nose |
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orbicularis oculi |
Head Muscle I - skin around eyelid
closes eye |
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Masseter |
Head Muscle |
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Temporalis
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Head Muscle
fan shaped muscle that covers part of the temporal frontal and parietal bones O – temporal fossa I – coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch closes jaw, elevates mandible, maintains mandible at rest |
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Zygomaticus Major and Minor
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Head Muscle
muscle pair extending diagonally from cheekbone to corner of mouth O – zygomatic bone I – skin and muscle at the corner of the mouth |
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orbicularis oris
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Head Muscle
complicated multilayered muscle of the lips. circular direction O – arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible and other sources I – encircles mouth, inserts into muscles and skin at angles of mouth |
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Platysma
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Neck Muscle
unpaired, thin superficial neck muscle O – fasia of chest (over pectorals) I – lower margin of mandible and skin and muscle at corner of mouth helps depress mandible puls lower lip back and down, downward sag of mouth |
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sternocleidomastoid
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Anterolateral Neck Muscle
two headed muscle located deep to platsyma on anterolateral surfaces of ncek O – Manubrium and medial portion of clavicle I – mastoid process and superior nuchal line of occipital bone prime mover of active head flexion. (raises head when lieing on back) rotates or tilts head to shoulder |
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pectoralis minor
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Anterior Thorax Muscle
flat thin muscle directly beneath and obscured by pectoralis major O – anterior surfaces of ribs 3–5 I – coracoid process of scapula rib fixed = draws scapula forward and downward scapula fixed = draws rib cage superiorly |
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Serratus Anterior
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Anterior Thorax Muscle
fan shaped muscle lies deep to scapula beneath and inferior to pecs on lateral rib cage. Damage causes winging (cant raise arm) O – series of muscle slips from ribs 1–8 I – entire anterior surface of vertebral boarder of scapula Prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest wall. raises arm (abduction) horizontal arm movements "boxer's muscle" |
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Deltoid
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Muscle of the shoulder joint
Thick multipennate muscle forming rounded shoulder. O – embraces insertion of the trapezius, lateral third of clavicle, acromian and spine of scapula I – deltoid tuberosity of humerus prime mover of arm, swinging movements of arm during walking. |
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Pectoralis major
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Shoulder/Torso Muscle
large fan shaped muscle covering upper portion of chest, divided into clavicular and sternal parts O – sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartiage of ribs 1–6 & aponeurosis of external oblique muscles I – fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus Prime mover of arm flexion, rotates arm medially, helps with climbing, throwing, pushing and forced inspiration |
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External Intercostals
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Muscle of the thorax: breathing
11 pairs lie between ribs, fibers run down and forward from each rib to rib below in intercostal spaces, forms part of abdominal wall O – inferior boarder of rib above I – superior border of rib below pull ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage aid in inspiration, synergists of diaphram |
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Internal Intercostals
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Muscles of the thorax
11 pairs lie between the ribs, fibers run deep to and at right angles to those of external intercostals, continuous with fibers of the abdominal wall O – superior border of rib below I – inferior border (costal groove) of rib above draw ribs together and depress rib cage, aid in forced expiration, antagonistic to external intercostals |
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Diaphragm
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Muscles of breathing
Broad muscle pierced by the aorta inferior vena cava, relaxed dome shaped. (overall boomerang shaped) O – inferior, internal surface of the rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae I – central tendon prime mover of inspiration, flattens on contraction |
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Rectus Abdominus
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Muscles of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall
medial superficial muscle pair, extend from pubis to rib cage, ensheathed by aponeurosis of lateral muscles, segmented by 3 tendinous sections O – pubic crest and symphysis I – xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5–7 flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column, fix and depress ribs, stabalize pelvis during walking, sit ups and crunches |
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External Oblique
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Muscle of anterior and lateral abdominal wall
Largest and most superficial of the three lateral muscles fibers run down and medially toward groin O – fleshy strips from outer surfaces of lower eight ribs I – most fibers insert anteriorly via a broad aponeurosis into linea alba, some into pubic crest and tubercle and and iliac crest flexing causes compression of abdominal wall, individuals include oblique curls |
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Internal Oblique
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Muscles of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall
Most fibers run upward and medially, however the muscle fans so its inferior fibers run downward and medially O – lumbar fascia, iliac crest and inguinal ligament I – linea alba pubic crest, last three or four ribs, and costal margin same as external oblique |
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Transverse Abdominis
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Deepest muscle of abdominal wall, fibers run horizontally
O – inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last six ribs, iliac crest I – linea alba, pubic crest compress abdominal contents |
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Trapezius
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Posterior Thorax
–Most superficial muscle of posterior muscle, flat and triangular in shape O – Occipital bone, C7, all T vertebrae I – Continuous insertion along acromian and spine of scapula and lateral 3rd of clavicle stabilize, raise and retract scapula, shrug shoulders |
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Latissimus Dorsi
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posterior thorax
–broad flat triangular muscle of back, covered by trapezius superiorly, creates posterior wall of axilla O–Indirect attachment via lumbrodorsal fascia into spines of lower 6 T vertebrae,lower 3–4 ribs and iliac crest I–spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus prime mover of arm extension and powerful adductor, hammering motions, swimming |
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Infraspinatus
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posterior thorax
partially covered by deltoid and trapezius named for its scapular location, a rotator cuff muscle O– infraspinous fossa of scapula I––greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus holds head of humerus in the glenoid cavity stabilizing the shoulder joint, rotates humerus laterally |
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supraspinatus
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posterior thorax muscle
posterior aspect of the scapula deep to trapezius, rotator cuff of muscle O––supraspinous fossa of scapula I––superior part of greater tubercle of humerous stabilizes shoulder joint, prevents downward dislocation (heavy suitcase) assists abduction |
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Teres Major
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posterior thorax
thick rounded muscle located inferior to teres minor, helps to form posterior wall of axilla O––posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle I––infertubercular sulcus of the humerus insertion tendon fused with the latissimus dorsi posteromedially extends, medially rotates, adducts humerus, synergist of lat. dorsi |
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Teres Minor
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posterior thorax
small elongated muscle lies inferior to infraspinatus, may be inseprable. rotator cuff muscle O––lateral boarder of dorsal scapular surface I––greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion adducts arm |
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Rhomboid Major & Minor
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posterior thorax
two rectangular muscles lying deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae, rhomboid minor is the more superior muscle O––spinous processes of C7 and T1 and spinous processes of T2–T5 I––Medial border of scapula act together with mid trapz to retract scapula, squaring shoulders. rotate glenoid cavity of scapula downward (paddling a canoe) |
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Quadratus lumborum
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vertebral column muscle (trunk movements)
fleshy muscle forming part of posterior abdominal wall O––iliac crest and lumbar fascia I––transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib flexes vertebral column laterally, when act in pairs lumbar spine is extended, maintains upright posture assists in forced respiration |
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illiopsoas / iliacus
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pelvic muscle
large fan–shaped, more lateral muscle O––iliac fossa and crest, lateral sacrum I––femur on and immediately below lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon primer mover for flexing thigh or for flexing trunk on thigh during a bow |
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3 muscles in the erector spinae
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1) Iliocostalis
2) longissimus 3) spinalis |
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iliocostalis
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erector spinae muscle
most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles, extend from pelvis to neck O––iliac crest (lumborum) inferior 6 ribs thoracis ribs 3–6 cervicis I––angels of ribs lumborum and thoracis, transverse proesses of cervical vertebrae C6–C8 cervicis extend vertebral column maintain erect posture, acting on one side bend vertebral column to same side |
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longissimus
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erector spinae muscle
intermediate tripartite muscle group of erector spinae, extend by many muscle slips from lumbar region to skull, mainly by passing between transverse processes of the vertebrae O––transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae I––transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name, capitis inserts into mastoid process of temporal bone thoraces and cervicis act together to extend vertebral column and acting on one side, bend it laterally, capitis extends head and turns the face toward same side |
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spinalis
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erector spinae muscle
most medial muscle column of erector spinae, cervicis usually rudimentary and poorly defined O––spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae I––spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae extends vertebral column |
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triceps brachii
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upper extremity
large fleshy muscle, the only muscle of posterior compartment of arm, three headed origin, long and lateral heads lie superficial to the medial head O–Long H: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral H: posterior shaft of humerus Medial H: posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove I––by common tendon into olecranon process of ulna powerful forarm extensor, prime mover esp. medial head. antagonist of forearm flexors, long and lateral heads mainly active in extension against resistance, long head tendon may help stabalize shoulder joint and assist in arm adduction |
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biceps brachii
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anterior arm muscle
two–headed fusiform muscle, bellies unite as insertion point is approached, tendon of long head helps stabilize shoulder joint O––short head coracoid process; long head tubercle above and lip of glenoid cavity, tendon of long head runs within capsule and into intertubercular sulcus of humerus I––by common tendon into radial tuberosity |
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bracioradialis
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anterior muscle of arm
superficial muscle of lateral forarm, forms lateral boundary of antecubital fssa:extends from distal humerus to distal forearm O––lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of humerus I––base of styloid process of radius synergist in forearm flexion acts to best advantage when forarm is partially flexed and semi–pronated during rapid flexion and extension, stabilizes the elbow |
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brachialis
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anterior muscle of arm
strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii on distal humerus O––front of distal humerus, embraces insertion of deltoid muscle I––coronoid process of ulna major forearm flexor (lifts ulna as biceps lifts the radius) |
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Palmoris Longus
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superficial muscle of forearm
small fleshy muscle with long insertion tendon, often absent, may be used as a guide to find median nerve that lies lateral to it at wrist O––medial epicondyle of humerus I––palmar aponeurosis skin and fascia of palm weak wrist flexor tenses skin and fascia of palm during hand movements, weak synergist for elbow flexion |
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extensor digitorum
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superficial muscles of forearm
lies medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis, a detached portion of this muscle called extensor digiti minimi, extends little finger O––lateral epicondyle of humerus I––by four tendons into extensor expansions and distal phalanges of fingers 2–5 |
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sartorius
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pelvic muscles
straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee, longest muscle in body crosses both hip and knee joints O––anterior superior iliac spine I––winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee (weak) as in a soccer kick. |
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gracilis
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muscle of the medial compartment of the thigh
long thin, superficial muscle of medial thigh O––inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus I––medial surface of tibia just inferior to it medial condyle adducts thigh flexes and medially rotates thigh, especially during walking, flexes knee |
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4 heads of the quadriceps femoris
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1) rectus femoris
2) vastus laterlis 3) vastus medialis 4) vastus intermedius |
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rectus femoris
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muscle of quad. femoralis
superficial muscle of anterior thigh, runs straight down the thigh, longest head and only muscle of group to cross hip joint O––anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum I––patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament extends knee and flexes thigh at hip |
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vastus lateralis
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muscle of quad. femoralis
largest head of the group, forms lateral aspect of thigh, a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants O––greater trochanter interotrochanteric line, linea aspera I––as for rectus femoris extends and stabilizes knee |
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vastus medialis
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muscle of quad. femoralis
forms inferomedial aspect of thigh O––linea aspera, interotrochanteric line I––as for rectus femoris extends knee, inferior fibers stabilize patella |
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vastus intermedius
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muscle of quad. femoralis
obscured by rectus femoris lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on anterior thigh O––anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft I––as for rectus femoris extends knee |
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tensor fasciae latae
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muscle of anterior compartment of the thigh
enclosed between fascia layers of anterolateral aspect of thigh, functionally associated with medial rotators and flexors of thigh O––anterior aspect of the iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine I––iliotibial tract flexes and abducts thigh (thus a synergist of the the iliopsoas and gluteus medius and minimus muscles) rotates thigh medially steadies the knee and trunk on thigh by making iliotibial tract taut |
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gluteus maximus
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gluteal muscles
largest and most superficial gluteus muscle, forms buttox, are thick and course, overlies large sciatic nerve O––dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx I––gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract major extensor of thigh, complex and powerful, standing and running, laterally rotates and abducts thigh |
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gluteus medius
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gluteal muscle
thick muscle largely covered by gluteus maximus O––betwen antioer and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium I––by short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur important in walking, swings pelvis during walking |
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3 types of muscles in hamstrings
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1) biceps femoris
2) semitendinosus 3) semimembranosus |
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biceps femoris
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part of hamstrings
most lateral muscle of the group, arises from two heads O––ischial tuberosity (long head) linea aspera and distal femur (short head) I––common tendon passes downward and laterally (forming lateral border of popliteal fossa) t insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia extends thigh and flexes knee, laterally rotates leg, especially when knee is flexed |
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semitendinosus
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hamstrings
lies medial to biceps femoris, although its name suggests that this muscle is largely tendinous, it is quite fleshy; its long slender tendon begins about 2/3s of the way down thigh O––ischial tuberosity in common with long head of biceps femoris I––medial aspect of upper tibial shaft extends thigh at hip; flexes knee; with semimembranosus medially rotates leg |
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semimembranosus
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deep to semitendinosus
O––Ischial tuberosity I––medial condyle of tibia, via oblique popliteal ligament to lateral condyle of femur extends thigh and flexes knee, medially rotates leg |
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fibularis longus (peroneus)
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muscle of the leg, movement of ankle
superficial lateral muscle overlies fibula O––upper portion of lateral fibula I––by long tendon that curves under foot to first metatarsal and medial cuniform plantar flexe and everts foot, may help keep foot flat on ground |
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tibialis anterior
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muscle of the leg, ankle toe movement
superficial muscle of anterior leg, laterally parallels sharp anterior margin of tibia O––lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft interosseus membrane I––by tendon into interior surface of medal cuniform and first metatarsal bone prime mover of dorsiflexion, inverts foot assists in supporting medial longitudinal arch of foot |
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Triceps Surae 2 types
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1) gastrocnemius
2) soleus |
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gastrocnemius
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muscle of the leg, ankle toe
superficial muscle of pair, two prominent bellies that form proximal curve of calf O––by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur I––posterior calcaneous via calcaneal tendon |
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soleus |
muscle of the leg, ankle, toe |
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achilles/calcaneal tendon
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posterior calcaneal tendon. connects to gastrocnemius tendon |
