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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Popular Music
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a broad category of music designed to please a large section of the public; sometimes used contradistinction to more "serious" or more "learned" classical music
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Classical Music
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the traditional music of any culture, usually involving a specialized technical vocabulary and requiring long years of training; it is "high art" or "learned" music that is enjoyed generation after generation
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Motive
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a short, distinctive melodic figure that stands by itself
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Rhthym
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the organization of time in music, dividing up long spans of time into smaller, more easily comprehended units
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Beat
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an even pulse in music that divided the passing of time into equal segments
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Measure
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OR bar: a group of beats, or musical pulses; usually, the number of beats is fixed and constant so that the measure serves as a continual unit of measurement in music
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Quarter note
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unit of musical duration that most often represents the beat, normally moves at roughly the rate of the average person's heartbeat
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Duple and triple meter
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duple- gathering of beats in two beats per measure, with every other beat stressed
triple-(three beats per measure) with every third beat stressed |
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time signature
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two numbers, one on top of the other, usually placed a the beginning of the music to tell the performer what note value is carrying the beat and how the beats are to be grounded
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downbeat and upbeat
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down- the first beat of each meausured indicated by a downward motion of the conductor's hand and usually stressed
up-the beat that occurs with the upward motion of the conductors hand and immediately before the downbeat |
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accent
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emphasis or stress placed on a musical tone or a chord
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tempo
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the speed at which the beats occur
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melody
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a series of notes arranged in order form a distinctive, recognizable musical unit most often placed in the treble
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pitch
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the relative position, high or low, of a musical sound
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great staff
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OR grand staff: a large musical staff that combines both the treble and the bass clefs
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Treble Cleff
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the sign placed on a staff to indicate the notes above middle C
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Bass Cleff
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a sign placed on a staff to indicate the notes below middle C
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Sharp
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a musical symbol that raises a pitch by a half step
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Flat
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in musical notation, a symbol that lowers a pitch by a half step
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natural signs
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in musical notation, a symbol that cancels a preexisting sharp or flat
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Tonality
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the organization of music around a central tone and the scale built on that one
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Key signature
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in musical notation, a pre-placed set of sharps or flats ised to indicate the scale and key
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Scale
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an arrangement of pitches that ascends and descends in a fixed and unvarying pattern
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Interval
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the distance between any two pitches on a musical scale
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what is ficks principle
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cardiac output= oxygen consumption/ (venous O2- arterial O2)
note: really denominator is "deoxygenated vssl O2 - oxygenated vssl O2).... usually this is venous O2-arterial O2 UNLESS using pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins (i.e. pulm veins O2-pulm artery O2) |
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Minor scale
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a seven-note scale that ascends the following order of whole and half steps:1-1/2-1-1-1/2-1-1
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Modulation
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the process in music whereby the tonal center changes from on key to another-from G major to C major, for example
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Antecedent phrases
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the opening, incomplete-sounding phrase of a melody; often followed by a consequent phrase that brings the melody to closure
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Consequent phrases
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the second phrase of a two-part melodic unit that brings a melody to a point of response and closure
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Cadence
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the concluding part of a musical phrase
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Harmony
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the sounds that provide the support and enrichment-the accompaniment-for melody
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Chord/Triad
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Chord-two or more simultaneous sounding pitches
Triad- a chord consisting of three pitches and two interbals of a third |
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Chord progression
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a succession of chords moving forward in a purposeful fashion
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12 bar blues
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a standard formal plan for the blues involving a repeating twelve-measure harmonic support in which the chords can progress I-IV-I-V-I
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Ostinato
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a musical figure, motive, melody, harmony, or rhythm that is repeated again and again
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Arpeggio
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the notes of a triad or seventh chord played in direct succession and in a direct line up or down
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Dissonance
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a discordant mingling of sounds
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Consonance
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pitches sounding agreeable and stable
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Dynamics
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the various levels of volume, loud and soft, at which sounds are produced in a musical composition
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Color
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OR timbre: the character or quality of a musical tone as determined by its harmonics and its attack and decay
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string instruments
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instruments that produce sounds when strings are bowed or plucked; the harp, the guitar, and members of the violin family are all string instruments
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Soprano
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the highest female vocal part
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Alto
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the lower of the two female voice parts
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Tenor
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the highest male vocal range
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Bass
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the lowest male voice range
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vibrato
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a slight and continual wobbling of the pitch produced on a string instrument or by a human voice
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pizzicato
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the process whereby a performer plucks the strings of an instrument rather than bowing them
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trill
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a rapid alteration of two neighboring pitches
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woodwind instruments
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a group of instruments initially constructed of wood most make their sound with the aid of a single or double reed includes the flute, piccolo, clarinet, oboe, English horn, and bassoon
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brass instruments
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a group of musical instruments traditionally made of brass and played with a mouthpiece; includes the trumpet, trombone, french horn, and tuba
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mouthpiece
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a detachable portion of a brass instrument into which the player blows
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percussion instruments
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drums?cymbals?
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orchestral score
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a composite of the musical lines of all of the instruments of the orchestra and from which a conductor conducts
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keyboard instruments
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piano??
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monophony
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a musical texture involving only a single line of music with no accompaniment
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homophony
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a texture in which all the voices, or lines, move to new pitches at roughly the same timel often referred to in contradistinction or polophony
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polyphony
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a musical texture involving two or more simultaneously sounding lines; the lines are often independent and create couterpoint
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strophic form
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a musical form often used in setting a strophic, or stanzaic text, such as a hymn or carol the music is repeated anew for each successive strophe
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theme and variations
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a musical form in which a theme continually returns but is varied by changing the notes of the melody, the harmony, the rhythm, or some other feature of the music
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variation
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process employed by a composer to alter melody or harmony in some way
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binary form
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a musical form consisting of two units constructed to balance and complement each other
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ternary form
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a three part musical form in which the third section is a repeat of the first; hence ABA
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rondo form
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classical form with at least three statements of the refrain and at least two contrasting sections; placement of the refrain creates symmetrical patterns such as ABACA, ABACABA, or even ABACADA
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repetition
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process employed by a composer to validate the importance of a section of music by repeating it
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contrast
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process employed by a composer to introduce different melodies, rhythms, textures, or moods in order to provide variety
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