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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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polycistronic
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having several open reading frames
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shine-delgarno sequence
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this is a polypurine tract 6-8 bases upstream of the initiator aug that base pairs with a polypyrimidine region in the 3' end of the bacterial 16s rrna
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elongation (in translation)
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consists of decoding, peptide bond formation and translocation.
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cognate
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fully accurate
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near-cognate
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single mismatch
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non-cognate
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more than one mismatch
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translocation (in translation)
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the mrna is bound to trna in the a and p sites moves through the ribosome
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recording
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where the readout is reprogrammed in an mrna specific fashion.
-can produce several proteins from a single gene |
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nonsense suppression
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where stop codons are misread and termination fails to occur
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framshifting
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where the mrna shift so that peptide synthesis proceeds in a different reading frame.
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nonsense mutation
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changes a codon that specified an amino acid to a stop or nonsense codon
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a site (translation)
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aminoacyl-trna enters
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p site (translation)
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peptidyl-trna is bound in
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e site (translation)
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deacylated trna exists
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magic spot
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a pentaphosphate guanine nucleotide
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stringent response
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modulates transcription and induces a stress responses to replenish amino acids
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picornaviruses
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disrupt formation of the host closed loop complex by protein cleavage
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internal ribosome entry sites (IREs)
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form a 3 dimentional structure that somehow allows initiation
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structural distortions
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refer to types of damage that can block transcription or replication and so remain a problem until they are removed.
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tautomers
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form non watson crick base pairs
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a transition mutation
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occurs if a purine (a or g) is replaced by the otehr purine or a pyrimidine (c or t) is replaced by the other pyrimidine.
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a transversion mutation
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where a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa.
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intercalators
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insert between adjacent bases in the double helix
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mismatch repair
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fixes mistakes in the daughter strand made during replication, using the parent strand as a template
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slipped-strand misreplication
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shortenings and lengthinings after next replication round
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mutator phenotype
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defects in mismatch repair lead to increased rates of mutation
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AP endonucleases
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cleave the backbone and the gap is filled by repair polymerases
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nucleotide excision repair
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repairs bulky lesions that distort the dna helix
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resection
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or degredation of one strand of the dna helix, exposes single stranded dna
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presynaptic step
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formation of long single stranded tails
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presynaptic filament
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recA on the single stranded DNA complex.
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gene conversion
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when a break is repaired from a homologous chromosome, the repair now has the sequence of the homolog not he original sequence
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holliday junctions
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a junction of 4 strands of DNA
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