Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Describe Closed vs. Isolated vs. Open Systems |
Closed: No matter or heat exchange Isolated: Heat exchange Open: Exchange of both |
|
|
What are the earth's systems |
Closed. Atmosphere, Geosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere (includes cryosphere). Materials are fixed and finite |
|
|
What is a Clathrate |
A gas filled thing |
|
|
What stabilizes the EArth |
Negative feedback loops |
|
|
What is the energy cycle? |
Sun to the earth, but some gets emitted back. We also get energy from internal (subsurface) and tidal forces |
|
|
What is exchanged in the biogeochemical cycle? |
C, P, S and other chemicals between the subsystems |
|
|
What affects the solar radiation entering earth |
clouds and air molecules and the surface all reflect some and absorb some energy |
|
|
Who invented the Gaia Hypothesis |
James Lovelock |
|
|
What is residence time? |
The time water spends in EACH part of the hydrological cycle |
|
|
How long is water's residence time in the ground |
1-2 months. Unless it percolates into rock where it can last 100-200 years in quitters. If it gets deep, 10,000 years |
|
|
What is the great artesian basin |
a 300m deep quicker with water as old as 2MA. IT is in Australia. Rocks from mesozoic |
|
|
How long does water stay in rivers lakes or glaciers |
approx 2 to 6 months in rivers, 50-100 years in lakes and 20-100 years in glaciers (except Antarctic - 800,000 yrs) |
|
|
how long does water stay in oceans |
1500-2000 years |
|
|
how old is the oldest water? |
3.8GA-3.9GA |
|
|
Who suggested a rough ocean floor with deep trenches |
Harry Hess |
|
|
What is the deepest trench |
Marianas Trench |
|
|
what is the makeup of seawater |
55% Cl, 31% Na, 7.7% SO4, Mg (3.7), CA (1.2), K (1.1). For a total of 3.5% of seawater |
|
|
What salts are in river water |
HCO3, Ca, Si(OH4), SO4, Cl, Na |
|
|
More ____, Less_____ |
Reactive, residence time |
|
|
What is the Coriolis effect |
Rotation of the earth |
|
|
In the southern hemisphere, deflection is _____ in the north it is _____ because of coriolis |
Left, Right |
|
|
What two zonal winds cause ocean currents? |
Tradewinds and the Westerlies |
|
|
The Westerlies blow in which direction |
West to east at 45 degrees Latitude |
|
|
The tradewinds blow where? |
East to West at 15 degrees latitude |
|
|
What is a gyre? |
Sub-circular patters of current flow at peripheries of ocean basins |
|
|
What are the 6 gyers (2 pairs, 2 singles) |
1. North and South Pacific 2. North and South Atlantic 3. Indian Ocean 4. Antarctic circumpolar |
|
|
Who noticed Ekman Transport |
Fridtjof Nansen and Walfrid Ekman |
|
|
What are some important areas of upwelling? |
Oregon, California, Ecuador, Peru, Vancouver Island |
|
|
Memorize the 6 steps to the ocean conveyor belt |
See learning goals |
|
|
How does sinking water affect C -cycle? |
Cold sinking water can dissolve a lot of CO2 |
|
|
What would happen if the thermohaline cycle shutdown? |
Loss of ocean nutrient cycle -> food chain disruption -> increased greenhouse gases -> global warming -> positive feedback loop Freshening of North Atlantic waters via glacier melt |
|
|
What oceans surrounded Pangea in the Mesozoic? |
Panthallasic (aka pacific) and Tethys (West vs East) |
|
|
When was Pangea officially done |
End of Cretaceous |
|
|
What are the remnants of the Tethys today? |
Black and Mediterranean Seas |
|
|
What are transgression and Regression |
Sea rise and Sea fall respectively |
|
|
What are local effects that affect local sea level? |
Mountain building, crust loading/unloading, |
|
|
What are Eustatic changes that cause changes to global sea level? |
Ocean ridge volume, collision of continents, construction of volcanic plateaus, ice, and thermal expansion |
|
|
A fast spreading ridge leads to water ______ |
transgression |
|
|
A continental collision and mountain formation leads to _________ |
regression of oceans |
|
|
How much water is held in Antartica and Greenland as ice |
66m and 6 m respectively |
|
|
What is a vail curve? |
sea level graph |
|
|
What causes the increase in sea level in the Mesozoic? |
Accelerated Pangea fragmentation (causing uptake in sea-floor spreading), Oceanic Volcanic plateaus, warm ocean, no ice sheets |
