Module 1~ Topic 6: Cosmological Arguement (Existence Of God Based On Observation 'a Posteriori)

Front 1

Apologetics

Back 1

Theological attempts to defend the Christian faith.

Front 2

A posteriori

Back 2

Arguments which draws conclusions based on observation & experience.

Front 3

A priori

Back 3

Arguements which draws conclusions through the use of reason.

Front 4

Analytic

Back 4

Statements/propositions that are true by the meaning of the words used (e.g, a bicycle has 2 wheels).

Analytic statements are true by definition.

Front 5

Contingent

Back 5

Depending on other things.

Front 6

Deductive

Back 6

An argument where if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.

Front 7

Defining Predicate

Back 7

A description something has to have to be itself (is logically necessary). (E.g, a triangle necessarily entails 3 angles).

Front 8

Empiricism

Back 8

Knowledge only comes through experience and testing.

Front 9

Fallacy

Back 9

Unsound reasoning.

Front 10

First Cause

Back 10

The uncaused beginning of all other things, initiating all other causes.

(Posited by Aquinas in the second of his 5 ways)

Front 11

Induction

Back 11

A process of reasoning that draws a general conclusion from specific instances.

Front 12

Infer

Back 12

Drawing conclusions from premises.

Front 13

Infinite regress

Back 13

An endless sequence without an end.

Front 14

Logical Fallacy

Back 14

Reasoning that has a flaw in its structure.

Front 15

Motion

Back 15

For Aristotle & Aquinas, it includes not just movement in modern sense, but also change of any sort.

Front 16

Natural Theology

Back 16

Drawing conclusions about the nature and activity of God by using reason and observing the world.

Front 17

Necessary being

Back 17

Something that cannot not exist.

Front 18

Necessary existence

Back 18

Existence that does not depend on anything else.

Front 19

Ontological argument

Back 19

An argument for the existence of God from his definition, or using reason as a starting point rather than experience.

Front 20

Predicate

Back 20

Refers to the description of a concept.

(E.g, her dress is red, red would be the predicate).

Front 21

Premise

Back 21

A position on which an argument is based.

Front 22

Prime Mover

Back 22

For Aristotle, something which creates movement as a final purpose by attraction.

For Aquinas, it is the divine inventor of all change & motion.

Front 23

Principle of sufficient reason

Back 23

The principle that everything must have a reason to explain it.

Front 24

Probabilities

Back 24

Quantify the likelihood of any one of a number of possible outcomes.

Front 25

Qua

Back 25

A Latin word meaning 'as relating to'.

Front 26

Synthetic

Back 26

Statements/propositions are those whose truth of falsity are determined by sense experience.

Front 27

Valid

Back 27

A logically successful argument.

Front 28

Technical terms for Aquinas' Third Way:

Back 28

Front 29

Why might the universe exist?

Back 29

Front 30

Basic Cosmological argument;

Back 30

Front 31

What did Aquinas mean by motion in the First Way?

Back 31

Front 32

AQUINAS' FIRST WAY:

Back 32

Front 33

AQUINAS' SECOND WAY:

Back 33

Front 34

What is the Key difference between Way 1 & 2?

Back 34

Front 35

Way 1&2

Back 35

Front 36

Hume's criticisms of Way 1 & 2

Back 36

Front 37

Challenges to Way 1 & 2

Back 37

Front 38

AQUINAS' THIRD WAY: (1)

Back 38

Front 39

AQUINAS' THIRD WAY: (2)

Back 39

Front 40

Aquinas' 2 types of Necessary beings:

Back 40

Front 41

A de re necessary God; (1)

Back 41

Front 42

A de re necessary God; (2)

Back 42

Front 43

What is Aquinas' Ultimate explanation?

Back 43

Front 44

Difference between caused and uncaused necessary beings;

Back 44

Front 45

Metaphysical necessity;

Back 45

Front 46

Criticisms from Hume & Russell;

Back 46

Front 47

Hare's Theory of bliks;

Back 47

Front 48

A priori & a posteriori proof;

Back 48

Front 49

Fallacy of composition

Back 49

Front 50

THE 3 DIFFERENT WAYS:

Back 50

Front 51

{Revision Checklist}

Back 51

Front 52

Copleston & Russell's Radio debate;

Back 52

Front 53

The strengths & weaknesses of Aquinas' argument;

Back 53