Midterm Exam Review 6Th Grade

Front 1

1. Place the following events in order to describe the standard scientific method:(experiment, conclusion, analysis of data, hypothesis, question).

Back 1

1. Question

2. Hypothesis

3.Experiment

4. Analysis of Data

5. Conclusion

Front 2

2. Scientists do NOT always follow the steps of the scientific method in exactly the same order. Why not?

Back 2

Sometimes during the course of an experiment, we realize something doesn’t work and we need to go back to our question/and redesign our experiment

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3. Give 4 reasons scientists might use a model

Back 3

1.To save money

2.To save time

3.Too dangerous

4. Too big / Too small

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4. What is a scientific theory? What is its purpose?

Back 4

Explanation of HOW/WHY a phenomenon happens in nature

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5. What is a scientific law? What is its purpose?

Back 5

DESCRIBES A RELATIONSHIP or PATTERN IN NATURE (WHAT)

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6. What is a hypothesis?

Back 6

A hypothesis is a PREDICTION you can TEST.

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7. Why might scientific knowledge, theories,or laws change over time?

Back 7

If new evidence is received that shows the theory/law needs to be changed (NEW TECHNOLOGY)

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What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

Back 8

A hypothesis is a PREDICTION you can test. A scientific theory is an explanation of WHY something happens that has already been tested many times, in many areas of science, with lots of evidence supporting it.

Front 9

What is a scientific observation? Give 2 examples.

Back 9

Something you notice with your senses

Example: There are 5 fingers on the monkey’s hand. OR The tree is 6.2 meters tall

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10. What is a scientific inference? Give 2 examples.

Back 10

An explanation or prediction you make based on prior knowledge and observations. Example: The woman is smiling because she is happy. The baby is crying because it is hungry.

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11. What is a constant in an experiment?

Back 11

The factors that are kept the same in an experiment

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12. Why must you keep all variables except theindependent variable constant to have a controlled experiment?

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TO KEEP IT FAIR AND MAKE SURE THAT YOUR RESULTS ARE ACCURATE AND THAT YOUR RESULTS ARE BECAUSE OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE AND NOT SOMETHING ELSE

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13. What is a control group in an experiment?

Back 13

The group that is treated like you would normally – you don’t give it the independent variable

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14. What is an independent variable?

Back 14

THE ONE THING YOU CHANGE IN AN EXPERIMENT (what you are testing)

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15. What is a dependent variable?

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THE VARIABLE THAT IS BEING MEASURED/ RECORDED TO SEE IF YOUR EXPERIMENT WORKED –the data you collect

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16. List 4 characteristics of a good, scientifically sound, experiment

Back 16

1. CLEAR PROCEDURE

2. LARGE SAMPLE SIZE

3. CAN BE REPRODUCED

4. PEER REVIEWED

Front 17

17. Identify the variables in the following scenario: A tree farmer wanted to see if adding fertilizer to his fields would help his trees grow faster so he could sell them more quickly. 100 pine tree seedlings were planted in a field and divided into 2 groups. Group A was given 2 liters of water every day for 3 years just like the farmer usually did.Group B was given 2 liters of a mixture of water + fertilizer every day for 3 years. At the end of the 3 years, the height of the trees in each group were measured and averaged. Group A had an average height of 1 meter tall. Group B had an average height of 1.5 meters tall.

Back 17

a. What question was the farmer testing? Does adding fertilizer make trees grow faster?

b. What was his hypothesis? Adding fertilizer WILL make trees grow faster

c. What was the independent variable? FERTILIZER ADDED

d. What was the dependent variable? TREE HEIGHT

e. What was the control group? GROUP A(just like normal)

f. What was the experimental test group? GROUP B (got fertilizer)

g. What were some constants in the test? AMOUNT OF WATER, AMOUNT OF FERTILIZER, TYPE OF TREES,

h. What conclusion should the farmer draw from his experiment? HYPOTHESIS WAS SUPPORTED FERTILIZER MADE TREES TALLER

Front 18

18. What are the 3 domains of life?

Back 18

1. Archaea

2. Bacteria

3. Eukarya

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19. What are the two parts of a scientific name?(Which comes first? Which is capitalized?)

Back 19

GENUS and SPECIES – (Genus is always capitalized and goes first)

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20. Place the following levels of classification in order from largest to smallest (genus, kingdom, species, domain, class, family, order, phylum).

Back 20

1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species

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21. The classification of organisms changes as we discover new information. What is one way technology has helped scientists determine how closely related organisms truly are?

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WE CAN COMPARE THEIR DNA NOW

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22. What are the 8 characteristics that an organism must have to be considered a living thing?

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1. Cells, 2. DNA 3. Reproduce 4. Grow/Develop 5. Respond to stimuli 6. adapt to change 7.Use Energy 8.maintain homeostasis

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23. Why are viruses not considered to be alive?

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THEY DON’T HAVE CELLS AND CAN’T REPRODUCE WITHOUT A HOST

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24. Unicellular

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AN ORGANISM WITH ONLY ONE CELL

ex: BACTERIA and PROTISTS

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25. Multicellular

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AN ORGANISM WITH MANY CELLS

ex: PLANTS, ANIMALS

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26. Prokaryote

Back 26

An organism WITHOUT a nucleus

ex: ALL BACTERIA ARE PROKARYOTES

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27. Eukaryote

Back 27

An organism WITH a nucleus

ex: PLANTS, ANIMALS, FUNGI, PROTISTS

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28. AUTOTROPH

Back 28

AN ORGANISM THAT CAN MAKE ITS OWN FOOD

EX: PLANTS and Euglena

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29. Heterotroph

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AN ORGANISM THAT CANNOT MAKE ITS OWN FOOD

Example: ANIMALS

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30. Compare and contrast viruses and bacteria

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Viruses Only NON LIVING A-Cellular REPRODUCE IN A HOST USUALLY HARMFUL ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT WORK

Both: PATHOGENS MICROSCOPIC

Bacteria Only: LIVING UNICELLULAR (ONE CELL) BINARY FISSION USUALLY HELPFUL ANTIBIOTICS KILL THEM

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31. Cell

Back 31

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

Ex: neuron, muscle cell, skin cell, blood cell

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32. Tissue

Back 32

A group of similar cells that work together to perform similar functions

Ex: Nerve tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue

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33. Organ

Back 33

A group of similar tissues that work together to perform similar functions

Example: brain, heart, lungs

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34. Organ System

Back 34

A group of similar organs that work together to perform similar functions

Example: Nervous system, digestive system

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35. Organism

Back 35

Any living thing

ex: dog or human

Front 36

36. homeostasis

Back 36

When an organism keeps its internal environment stable even though the external environment changes

Example: Body shivering to bring temp up when cold outside

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37. Mitosis

Back 37

The process where cells divide to increase their numbers

Example: Skin cells divide to repair a cut

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38. Ribosome

Back 38

PRODUCING PROTEINS

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39. Chloroplast

Back 39

ABSORB LIGHT ENERGY AND MANUFACTURE FOOD THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS in PLANTS

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40. Mitochondria

Back 40

CONVERT FOOD AND OXYGEN INTO ENERGY THROUGH CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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41. Nucleus

Back 41

CONTROL THE CELL AND CONTAIN THE DNA

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42. Vacuole

Back 42

Stores water for the cell

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43. Cell Membrane

Back 43

Controls what goes into and out of the cell

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44. Cell Wall

Back 44

Provides structure and protects the cell of PLANTS

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45. Cytoplasm

Back 45

Supports the organelles and moves nutrients around cell

Front 46

46. What are two structures found in plant cells but not animal cells?

Back 46

CELL WALL AND CHLOROPLAST

Front 47

47. Place the levels of structural organization in order from smallest to largest (organs, cells, tissues, organ systems,organisms, organelles, molecules, atoms)

Back 47

1. Atoms 2. molecules 3.organelles 4.cells

5. tissues 6.organs 7. organ system 8. organism

Front 48

48. In a multicellular organism, at what stage of development do the body cells differentiate? What are the 4 main cell types?

Back 48

Cells differentiate in the EMBRYONIC stage into either 1. connective, 2. epithelial, 3. muscle, or 4. nervous types

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49. Circulatory System

Back 49

Pump/transport nutrients and oxygen around the body

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50. Respiratory System

Back 50

Bring in oxygen and push out carbon dioxide

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51. Nervous System

Back 51

Sense and control body

Front 52

52. Skeletal System

Back 52

Support,protect, aid in movement, produce blood

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53. Musculatory System

Back 53

Movement

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54. Digestive System

Back 54

Break down food into nutrients the body needs

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55. Excretory System

Back 55

Get rid of waste

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56. Reproductive System

Back 56

Create offspring

Front 57

57. Endocrine System

Back 57

Produce hormones that regulate body functions

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58. Immune System

Back 58

Protect body from pathogens, diseases, and infections

Front 59

59. Integumentary System

Back 59

Temperature regulation, protection, makes vitamin D

Front 60

60. Transporting Nutrients Through Body

Back 60

DIGESTIVE system breaks food down into smaller molecules and nutrients and CIRCULATORY system transports them through the blood stream to the cells

Front 61

61. Transporting Oxygen Through Body

Back 61

RESPIRATORY system bring oxygen into the lungs and CIRCULATORY system transports it through the blood stream

Front 62

62. Exercising

Back 62

DIGESTIVE system break down food to nutrients for energy while NERVOUS system sends signals to MUSCULATORY system to contract pulling on the SKELETAL system to make you move and your INTEGUMENTARY system lets you sweat to cool down

Front 63

63. Fight or Flight Response

Back 63

NERVOUS system senses an alarm, ENDOCRINE system starts producing adrenaline which triggers your CIRCULATORY system to make your heart beat faster and your RESPIRATORY system to make your lungs breathe faster to get more nutrients and oxygen to your MUSCULATORY system so you can fight or run

Front 64

64. Warming your body up when you are cold

Back 64

INTEGUMENTARY system senses cold and send a message to the NERVOUS system that the temperature has dropped. Nervous system sends a message to the MUSCULATORY system to make you shiver to warm up.

Front 65

65. Maintaining Blood Sugar

Back 65

DIGESTIVE system breaks down food into smaller molecules, ENDOCRINE system senses change in blood sugar levels and tell pancreas to release insulin CIRCULATORY system transports the insulin and blood sugar.