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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
repetition structure |
causes a statement or set of statements to repeat |
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another name for repetition structure is |
a loop |
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condition-controlled loops |
uses true/false conditions to control the number of times the loop repeats |
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the 3 different condition-controlled loops |
while, do while, do until |
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pre-test loop |
while loop executes its condition before performing another loop |
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posttest loop |
do while, do until will execute conditions after a loop |
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infinite loop |
repeats until something causes it to interrupt it due to not having a programmed condition to stop it |
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count- controlled loops |
loops a specific number of times |
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decision structure |
allows a program to perform actions only under certain conditions |
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If-then |
single alternative decision structure |
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relational operators |
>, <, >==, <==, ==, != |
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Boolean expressions |
expressions that are either true or false |
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dual alternative decision structure |
has 2 paths of possible execution depending on whether the condition is true or false (if-then-else) |
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nested decision structure |
a decision structure can be nested inside another decision structure |
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logical operators |
AND, OR, NOT |
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AND |
true when both statements are true |
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OR |
true when either expression is true |
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NOT |
reverses a statements logical value and returns false |
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Boolean variables |
hold one of two values: true or false |
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How do count-controlled loops work |
initialization, test, and increment |
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For loop |
count- controlled for counterVariable = startingValue TO maxValue statement statement statemnet End For |
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decrement |
to decrease the value of the variable in a For loop |
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accumulator |
keeps a running total |
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sentinel |
special value that marks the end of a list of values |
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nested loop |
loop in a loop |
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function |
module that returns a value |
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library functions |
pre-written functions in most programming languages |
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Random (1, 100) |
generates a random number between 1-100 |
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abs (n) |
absolute value |
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sqrt (n) |
square root |
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IPO chart |
input, processing, output. helps with designing a program |
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garbage in, garbage out |
the idea that if a program reads bad data as input, it will output bad data. programs should be designed to reject bad data |
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input validation |
commonly done with a loop that iterates as long as an input variable contains bad data |
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process of input validation |
get data, is input invalid, display error message, ask for data again, |
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defensive programming |
practice of anticipating errors that can happen while a program is running and therefore designing the program to avoid those errors |