Cs110 Midterm

Front 1

Computer

Back 1

An electronic device that stores and processes data. It can be peogrammed to carry out a series of arithmetic or logical operations.

Front 2

CPU

Back 2

The brain of the computer. It retrieves instructions from the memory and executes them. It is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).

Front 3

MHz to GHz

Back 3

1 MHz = 1 million pulses per second

1 GHz = 1000 MHz

Front 4

Multicore

Back 4

Inside the CPU, an independent processing unit that is capable of reading and executing program instruction. It can execute multiple in parallel to increase processing power.

Front 5

Time sharing

Back 5

When multiple programs go through a switch from the memory to ensure all get used.

Front 6

Swapping

Back 6

When programs are kicked out of the memory and put back into the external drive until it needs to be used. It is switched to another program, enabling it to run.

Front 7

Memory

Back 7

A fast storage space that stores data and program instructions for the CPU to execute.

Front 8

Byte conversions

Back 8

1 kilobyte (KB) = 1 024 bytes

1 megabyte (MB) = 1 024 KB

1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 024 MB

1 terabyte (TB) = 1 024 GB

Front 9

Encoding scheme

Back 9

Stores information in memory in a series of numerical values, text characters, special symbols, and instruction codes. The computer automatically encodes and decodes data based on the encoding scheme.

Front 10

Storage devices

Back 10

Permanently stores data and moves it to memory when the computer uses the data.

Front 11

Byte

Back 11

Composed of 8 bits and the smallest storage units for memory.

Front 12

Bit translations

Back 12

1 kilobyte (KB) = 1 024 bytes

1 megabyte (MB) = 1 024 KB

1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 024 MB

1 terabyte (TB) = 1 024 GB

Front 13

Encoding scheme

Back 13

Stores information in numerical values, text characters, special symbols, and instruction codes. The computer automatically encodes and decodes data based on the ending scheme.

Front 14

Monitor

Back 14

Displays information. The quality of the display is determined by resolution and dot pitch.

Front 15

Resolution

Back 15

Specifies the number of rows and columns of pixels of a display.

Front 16

Pixels

Back 16

Tiny dots that form an image on the screen.

Front 17

Dot pitch

Back 17

The distance between pixels.

Front 18

Programs

Back 18

Instructions to perform a task to be executed by the computer.

Front 19

Programming

Back 19

Planning the performance of a task/event.

Front 20

Programming languages levels

Back 20

Machine language: written in numbers (0110101)

Assembly: uses symbols to replace numbers (R1, R2, R3 -> 0100101)

High-level language: more "English like", uses our expressions and symbols.

Front 21

Assembler

Back 21

Used to convert assembly language programs into machine code.

Front 22

Source program

Back 22

A program written in a high-level language.

Front 23

Compiler

Back 23

Used to translate the source program into a machine langusge program called object code.

Front 24

Linker

Back 24

Translates the object code into executable files; makes floating code into fixed code.

Front 25

Floating code

Back 25

Object code that can be put into any space.

Front 26

Object code

Back 26

An intermediate code that cannot run in the CPU.

Front 27

Operating System

Back 27

A program that manafes and controls a computer's activities. Application programs can often not run without an OS.

Front 28

IDE

Back 28

A software that provides an integrated development environment for rapidly developing C++ programs.

Front 29

Three types of errors

Back 29

1. Syntax error: recognized during compilation (punctuation, capitalization, typos).

2. Runtime error: error that occurs while the program is running (dividing by zero, variable with no value).

3. Logic error: a mistake in the program's source code that causes the output to be incorrect.

Front 30

Identifiers

Back 30

Names that identify elements such as variables and functions.

Ex. _firstname, f1

Front 31

int

Back 31

Defines a variable as an integer variable with no decimals.

Front 32

char

Back 32

Defines something as a letter, 'a'.

Front 33

double

Back 33

Can declare either int or char.

Front 34

float

Back 34

Defines a number with decimal values.

Front 35

const

Back 35

Defines a variable that can not be redefined.

Ex. const PI = 3.14159;

Front 36

Literal

Back 36

A constant value that appears directly in the program.

Ex. Binary, octal, hex decimal.

Front 37

Binary counting

Back 37

Imagine you have one finger. Start the number with 4 zeros and move your '1' to the left from the right side and fill in.

Ex.

0000 = 0

0001 = 1

0010 = 2

0011 = 3

Front 38

+

Back 38

Adds

Front 39

-

Back 39

Subtracrs

Front 40

*

Back 40

Multiplies

Front 41

/

Back 41

Divides

Front 42

%

Back 42

Finds the remainder when dicided.

Front 43

System implicit datatype conversion

Back 43

When you convert one type of variable into another type if variable.

Front 44

Operanda

Back 44

When you divide a variable by a variable.

Front 45

Overflow

Back 45

When a value assigned to a variable is too ling to be stored.

(Ex. defining a "short" variable on a number greatee than 32768).

Front 46

+=

Back 46

Add a number to the variable and redefines the variable.

Hint 46

a = a + 8

Front 47

-=

Back 47

Subtracts from the variable and redefines the variable.

Hint 47

a = a - 8

Front 48

*=

Back 48

Multiples the variable and redefines the variable.

Hint 48

a = a * 8

Front 49

/=

Back 49

Divided the variable by a number and redefines the variable.

Hint 49

a = a / 8

Front 50

%=

Back 50

Remainders the variable and redefines.

Hint 50

a = a % 8

Front 51

++var

Back 51

Increases the variable by 1 and then evaluates the variable.

Hint 51

a = 8

++a = 9

Front 52

var++

Back 52

Evaluates the variable and then increase by 1.

Hint 52

a = 8;

++a // 8

a // 9

Front 53

--var

Back 53

Decreases variable by 1 and then evaluates.

Hint 53

a = 8

--a // 7

Front 54

var--

Back 54

Evaluates and then decreases by 1.

Hint 54

a = 8

a-- // 8

a // 7

Front 55

Explicit casting

Back 55

When a variable's type is redefined.

Hint 55

float i = 3.0;

int i = static_cast<int>(3);

Front 56

Software development process

Back 56

1. Requirement specification: what do they want?

2. System analysis: talk about what can be done.

3. System design: designing system components; process is input, process, output (IPO)..

4. Implemtation: translating design into programs.

5. Testing: working out bugs.

6. Deployment: launching it.

7. Maintenance: release patches

Front 57

Bus

Back 57

Connects the parts of a computer.