Microbiology Chapter 5

Front 1

eukaryotic cell

Back 1

-larger in size
-contains a nucleus
-divison of labor
-organelles

Front 2

the nucleus

Back 2

-double lipid bilayer
-most of the genetic material of the cell (nucleolus rRNA synthesis)
-nuclear pores allow traffic into an out of the nucleus
-note that the DNA is partitioned from the cytoplasm and ribosomes

Front 3

mitosis

Back 3

refer to slides in chapter 5--about splitting chromosomes and nucleus evenly

Front 4

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 4

-phospholipid bilayer
-smooth ER--lipid metabolism--detox reations
-Rouch ER--ribosomes docked--protein synthesis

Front 5

eukaryote ribosome

Back 5

-two sub units (40S and 60S)
-total size is 80S
-translate mRNA into proteins
-similar structure to prokaryotes but differ in shape
-antibiotic-resistant (selective toxicity)--side effects

Front 6

mitochondria

Back 6

-"powerhouse" of cell
-site of respiration
-bacterial endosymbiont
-double lipid bilayer
-own genetic material
-reproduce autonomously

Front 7

chloroplasts

Back 7

-found in plants and algae
-site of photosynthesis
-bacterial endosymbiont
-double lipid bilayer
-own genetic material
-reproduce autonomously

Front 8

golgi body

Back 8

-composed of lipid bilayer
-proteins trafficking centers
-import/processing/export
-"stack of pancakes"
-vesicles bud off

Front 9

cytoskelton

Back 9

-intracellular protein matrix
-actin (red)
-polymerized into chains
-macrotubules (green)
-made of tubulin
-intermediate filaments
-regulate cell shape
-involved in motility
-other cell function

Front 10

vacuoles

Back 10

-lipid-enclosed space
-storage sites for water, food, enzymes, and waster
-vary greatly in size and function
1. central vacuoles provide turgor pressure
2. contractile vacuoles eliminate water
3. lysosomes contain digestive enzymes

Front 11

eukaryote flagellum

Back 11

-used for locomotion
-does not spin--waves like an oar
-multi-protein complex
-dynein arms use ATP to slide the tubules which results in flexion

Front 12

eukaryote capsule

Back 12

-present in some pathogens
-polymeric sugars
-imporant in avoiding immune clearance
-similar to prokaryotes

Front 13

the fungi

Back 13

-terrestrial, non photosynthetic and saprophytic
-single celled forms are called yeast--multicellular (molds)
-hyphae from mycelium-hairlike projections
-ergosterol in membrane--chitin cell walls
-haploid and diploid cells occur
-sexual and asexual reproduction

Front 14

yeasts

Back 14

-single cell fungi
-budding
-blastospores
-useful yeasts--saccharomyces
-pathogens--cryptococcus--candida; thrush on infants

Front 15

algal cell

Back 15

-eukaryotic
-photosynthetic, free-living
-single celled forms
-filamentous forms
-colonial forms
-classified pigments--split into groups by pigments
-cell walls vary in composition