Mic Exam 2

Front 1

Staphaurex detects what?

Back 1

Bound coagulase and Protein A

Front 2

Slide/Rapid test detects what?

Back 2

Bound coagulase

Front 3

Long/Tube detects what?

Back 3

Free and Bound coagulase

Front 4

Free coagulase?
Bound coagulase?

Back 4

-Enzyme that is secreted extracellularly
-Bound=cell wall associated protein

Front 5

clumping factor?

Back 5

-Bound coagulase
-process of clotting of blood plasma
-reaction of clumping factor with fibrinogen causes agglutination

Front 6

Novobiocin Disk Test?

Back 6

-separates species of Staph. based on R or S
-used to ID S. saprophyticus
-Mueller Hinton Agar
-16 mm zone

Front 7

types of disease caused by S. aureus

Back 7

-Cutaneous infections - cellulitis, folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, impetigo.
-Toxic induced diseases - food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome
-Deep seated infections - deep abcesses, osteomyletis, pneumonia, sepsis, endocarditis

Front 8

Menstrual and Non-menstrual TSST-1?

Back 8

-Menstrual= from tampons, absorbance thru vaginal mucosa
-non-menstrual=due to enterotoxins B and C, infecting any place, wound, lungs, skin

Front 9

alpha hemolysin does what?

Back 9

-lyses RBCs, damages platelets and macrophages, severe tissue damage

Front 10

beta hemolysin does what?

Back 10

"sphingomyelinase C"
-acts on sphingomyelin in plasma membrane of RBCs

Front 11

Panton-Valentine leukocidin

Back 11

exotoxin that is lethal to polymorphonuclear leukocytes
-suppresses phagocytosis, associated with several cutaneous infections and necrotizing pneumonia

Front 12

Protein A?

Back 12

cellular component in cell wall of S. aureus that is able to bind the Fc portion of IgG, which blocks phagocytosis

Front 13

hyaluronidase?

Back 13

hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid present in the intracellular ground substance that makes up connective tissue

Front 14

lipase?

Back 14

acts on lipids present on the surface of the skin

Front 15

Biofilms?

Back 15

complex communities of organisms embedded in an extracellular matrix
-enable persistent colonization of catheters and other biomaterials

Front 16

S. epidermidis infections?

Back 16

-nosocomial infections typically associated with colonization of hospital devices
-UTIs, infections with patients on immunosuppressive therapy
-prosthitic valve endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections

Front 17

S. lugdunenis infections?

Back 17

-endocarditis and prosthetic joint infection

Front 18

S. saprophyticus infections?

Back 18

-UTIs

Front 19

S. haemolyticus infections?

Back 19

-2nd most frequent encountered SCN
-hospital acquired human infections

Front 20

Tests and results to differentiate S. lugdeunensis from SCN?

Back 20

-PYR positive
-Ornithine positive

Front 21

Oxacillin disk test?

Back 21

-performed by Kirby-Bauer method
-S. aureus R
-S. lugdunensis Intermediate
-other staph 17 mm

Front 22

Strep that show beta?

Back 22

-Group A
-Group B
-Sometimes Enterococcus and Group D

Front 23

Strep that show alpha?

Back 23

-S. pneumoniae
-Viridans group
-Sometimes Enterococcus and Group D

Front 24

Strep that show gamma?

Back 24

-Sometimes Enterococcus and Group D

Front 25

Group A=
Group B=

Back 25

-S. pyogenes
-S. agalactiae

Front 26

Group A infections?

Back 26

-bacterial pharyngitis (Strep Throat)
-pyodermal infections (impetigo, cellulitis, wound infections, erysipelas, scarlet fever)
-necrotizing fascitis
-TSS
-post-streptococcal sequele (Rhuematic Fever, Acute Glomerulonephritis)

Front 27

Group B infections?

Back 27

-invasive disease in the newborn
-Early onset infection (<7days old)
-Late onset infection (>7days old)
-vaginal colonization of the organism in the mother

Front 28

Group D infections?

Back 28

-are normal flora in intestinal tract
-bacterial endocarditis, UTIs, abscesses and wound infections
-S. bovis - colon cancer

Front 29

Enterococcus infections?

Back 29

-hospital acquired infecitons, UTIs, bacteremia
-typically elderly patients with prosthetic valves

Front 30

S. pneumoniae infections?

Back 30

-most frequent cause of otitis media in children under 3 years old
-most frequent cause of pneumonia in elderly
-most common cause of meningitis in adults, 2nd most in children.

Front 31

Viridans group infections?

Back 31

-normal flora of the oropharynayx
-opportunistic pathogens causing disease in the immunosuppressed
-most common cause of subactute bacterial endocarditis

Front 32

Nutritionally Varient Strep (NVS) infections?

Back 32

-bacteremia, endocarditis, otitis media infections

Front 33

Leuconostoc species infections?

Back 33

bacteremia, UTIs

Front 34

M protein?

Back 34

-surface protein attached to the peptidoglycan layer of cell wall
-antiphagocytic and aides with bacterial adherence to mucosal cells

Front 35

Protein F and lipoteichoic acid?

Back 35

-Fibronectin binding protein
-attachment to oral mucosal cells

Front 36

Hyaluronic acid capsule?

Back 36

-weakly immunogenic
-able to mask its antigens and remain unrecognized by the host

Front 37

Streptolysins?

Back 37

-responsible for the beta hemolysis
O (oxygen labile) lyses leukocytes, platelets, other cells such as RBCs
-very immunogenic, hemolysin

Front 38

Streptolysin O?

Back 38

O (oxygen labile) lyses leukocytes, platelets, other cells such as RBCs
-very immunogenic, hemolysin is only active in reduced form, which is in anaerobic environment

Front 39

Streptolysin S?

Back 39

-lyses leukocytes and is non-immunogenic
S stands for oxygen stabile, will produce beta hemolysin if incubated aerobically

Front 40

Streptokinase?

Back 40

-lyses fibrin clots facilitating spread of bacteria in tissue

Front 41

hyaluronidase?

Back 41

-solubilizes the ground substance on connective tissue

Front 42

Pyrogenic (or erythrogenic) exotoxins?

Back 42

-immunologically distinct superantigens
-SpeA, SpeB, SpeC, SpeF
-they stimulate T-lymphocyte cell proliferation resulting in production of interlukin-1, tumor necrotizing factor, and other cytokines which manifest as a rash of the face and upper trunk and scarlet fever
-cause shock and organ failure in TSS

Front 43

Rheumatic Fever

Back 43

-caused by S. pyogenes
-inflammation of the heart, joints, blood vessels, and subcutaneous tissue
-follows pharynigitis and can cause perminent heart valve damage
-Autoimmune

Front 44

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Back 44

-cause by S. pyogenes
-AGN can occur after cutaneous infection or pharyngitis
-immune complexes deposit in the glomeruli of the kidneys, fixing complement and causing kidney function damage

Front 45

main VF of S. pneumoniae?

Back 45

-polysaccharide capsule (Antiphagocytic)
-capsule in antigenic and can be typed with antisera
-over 80 capsular devices IDed

Front 46

Optochin Test?

Back 46

-Ethylhydrocupreiene hydrocholride
-a quinine derivitive.
-inhibits S. pneumoniae
-Zone equals 14 mm

Front 47

Bile solubility (deoxycholate)

Back 47

-S. pneumoniae rapidly lysed by bile or bile salt soultion
-bile salts lower the surface tension between bacterial cell membrane and the medium
-accelerates natural autolytic process
-lysis depends on presence of intracellular autolytic enzyme

Front 48

Quellung Reaction?

Back 48

-biocehmical rxn where antibodies bind the the bacterial capsule in S. pneumoniae
-capsule becomes opaque and appears to swell because of increased surface tension

Front 49

Bacitriacin Test zone?

Back 49

-zone greater than or equal to 7mm

Front 50

CAMP test?

Back 50

-the factor produced, enhances the lysis of sheep RBCs by S. aureus beta-lysin.
-arrowhead shaped zone of complete hemolysis is positive

Front 51

Hippurate test?

Back 51

-rapid test for presence of hippuricase enzyme which will hydrolyze hippurate with the release of glycine and benzoic acid
-addition of ninhydrin results in the oxidative deamination of the alpha-amino group in glycine to its corresponding aldehyde, with the release of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and hydrindantin
-ammonia reacts with ninhydrin and hydrindantin to give a purple colored complex for posiive

Front 52

PYR disk Test?

Back 52

-L-pyrrolidonyl-beta-napthylamide
-detection of pyrrolidonyl peptidase
-following the hydrolysis of the substrate peptidase, the resulting beta napthylamide produces a red color when .01% cinnamaldehyde is added

Front 53

Bile esculin test?

Back 53

-Bacteria that are bile esculin positive are able to grow in the presence of 40% bile and subsequently hydrolyze esculin to esculetin and glucose
-esculetin diffuses into the agar and combines with ferric citrate to give black color

Front 54

6.5% NaCl test?

Back 54

-tests ability to survive in high salt concentrations
-broth contains a small amount of glucose and bromcresal purple and indicator

Front 55

Leuconostoc species key ID tests?

Back 55

-Vancomycin R
-LAP negative
-biochemical ID

Front 56

NVS key ID tests?

Back 56

-NG on SBA
-growth on CBA and see satellites around S. aureus

Front 57

Universally susceptible antibiotic for Group A?

Back 57

penicillin

Front 58

N. gonorrhoeae infections?

Back 58

-infections in urethra of males and endocervix of females
-infection of conjunctiva, anal canal, and pharynx
-if untreated in males, prostatitis, epididymitis, dysuria
-if untreated in females, PID, sterility

Front 59

N. meningitidis infections?

Back 59

-main etiologic agent of meningitis and meningococcemia (sepsis) in 14-25 year olds
-can be deadly within 48 hours of contracting
-spread by respiratory droplets
-symptoms, petechial skin rash, purpura, tachycardia, hypotension, thrombosis

Front 60

M. catarrhalis infections?

Back 60

-normal flora of resp tract
-opportunistic pathogen
-3rd leading cause of otitis media and sinusitis in children
-can cause severe infection in immunosuppressed patients

Front 61

Neisseria incubation reqs?

Back 61

-aerobic
-humid
-3-5% CO2 atmosphere

All of the media need to be incubated at 35◦ C for 72 hours with 3-7% CO2. If a CO2 incubator is not available, a candle jar with a lit unscented candle can be used in an anaerobic jar.

Front 62

Catarrhalis disk test?

Back 62

ID of Moraxella catarrhalis
-enzyme butyrate esterase releases indoxyl butyrate and spontaneously forms dark blue pigment in the presence of oxygen

Front 63

MTM and TM agar key ingredients?

Back 63

-Vancomycin, Colistin, Nystatin
-trimethoprim in MTM

Front 64

New York City agar key ingredients?

Back 64

-Vancomycin, Colistin, amphotercin, trimethoprim

Front 65

GC lect agar key ingredients?

Back 65

enrichment agar
-contains a little less Vancomycin for improved recovery of N. gonorrheae