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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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System
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A set of interacting units or component parts that together make up a whole arrangement or organization
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Paradigm
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a set of assumptions, delimiting an area to be investigated scientifically and specifying the methods to be used to collect and interpret the forthcoming data
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epistemology
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the study of the origin, nature, and methods, as well as the limits of knowledge; thus, a framework for describing and conceptualizing what is being observed and experienced
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second-order cybernetics
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a view of an observing system in which the therapist, rather than attempting to describe the system by being an outside observer, is part of what is being observed and treated
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first-order cybernetics
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a view from outside the system of the feedback loops and homeostatic mechanisms that transpire within a system
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Family life cycle
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The series of longitudinal stages or events that mark a family's life, offering an organizing schema for viewing the family as a system proceeding through time
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suprasystem
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A higher-level system in which other systems represent component parts and play subsystem roles
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developmental tasks
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problems to be overcome and conflicts to be mastered at various stages of the life cycle, enabling movement to the next developmental stage.
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Triangle (triangulation)?
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a three person system, the smallest stable emotional system; according to bowen, a two-person emotional system, under stress, will recruit a third person into the system to lower the intensity and anxiety and gain stability.
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Binuclear family
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a post divorced family structure in which the former spouses reside in separate households and function as two separate units; although living separately, their nuclear family is thus restructured but remains intact.
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gender
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a learned set of culturally prescribed attitudes and behaviors as masculine or feminine, associated with but distinct from the biological status of being male or female.
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gender sensitive family therapy
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a therapeutic perspective, regardless of theoretical persuasion, tat examines the impact of gender socialization on the outlooks, attitudes, behaviors, and interpersonal relationships of men and women; its aim is to empower clients to make sexist-free role choices rather than be limited by roles determined by their biological status as male or female
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culture
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shared behaviors, meanings, symbols, and values transmitted from one generation to the next
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ethnicity
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the defining characteristics of a social grouping sharing cultural traditions transmitted over generations and reinforced by the expectations of the subgroup in which the individual or family maintains membership
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feminist family therapy
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a form of collaborative, egalitarian, nonsexist intervention, applicable to both men and women, addressing family gender roles, patriarchal attitudes, and social and economic inequalities in male-female relationships
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redundancy principle
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repetitive behavioral sequences within a family
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feedback loops
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those circular mechanisms by which information about a system's output is continuously reintroduced back into the system, initiating a chain of subsequent events.
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homeostasis
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a state of balance or equilibrium in a system, or a tendency toward achieving and maintaining such a state in an effort to ensure a stable environment
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negentrophy
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the tendency of a system to remain flexible and open to new input, necessary for change and survival of the system
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ecosystemic analysis
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a perspective that goes beyond inframilial relationships to attend to the family's relationships with larger systems (schools, courts, health care)
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schizophrenic mother
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according to Fromm-Reichmann, a cold, domineering possessive but rejecting mother (usually married to an inadequate, passive husband whose behavior toward her son is thought to be a determining factor in his schizophrenic behavior
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double bind
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the view that an individual who receives important contradictory injunctions at different levels of abstraction, and about which he or she is unable to comment, is in a no-win, conflict-producing situation
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pseudomutuality
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a homeostasis-seeking relationship between and among family members that give the surface appearance of being open, mutually understanding, and satisfying, when in fact it is not
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family group therapy
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the intervention technique developed by Bell based on social-psychological principles of small-group behavior
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post modern
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a philosophical outlook that rejects the notion that there exists an objectively knowable universe discoverable by impartial science, and instead argues that there are multiple views of reality ungoverned by universal laws
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licensing or certification
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a statutory process established by a government agency, usually a state or province, granting permission to persons, having met predetermined qualifications, to call themselves by a particular title, and prohibiting the use of that title without a certificate
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confidentiality
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an ethical standard aimed at protecting client privacy by ensuring that info received in a therapeutic relationship will not be disclosed without prior client consent
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informed consent
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the legal rights of patients or research subjects to be told of the purposes and risks involved before agreeing to participate
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malpractice
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a legal concept addressing the failure to provide a level of professional skill or render a level of professional services ordinarily expected of professionals in a similar situation
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managed care and HMOS
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a system in which third-party payers regulate and control the cost, quality, and terms of treatment in medical (including mental health) services.
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privileged communication
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a legal concept protecting a client's disclosure to a therapist from being revealed in court; if the client waves the right, the therapist has no legal grounds for withholding the information
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BATESON
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double bind
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WHITTAKER
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the use of a co-therapist, the inclusion of inter-generational family members i patient's therapy
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JACKSON
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introduced an influential set of descriptive constructs for comprehending family patterns (rules, homeostasis, redundancy) and initiating treatment with these patterns
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BOWEN
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triangulation, differentiation between a triad and dyad
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HALEY
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developed ways to influence family relationship context in order to produce change
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Minuchin
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(find cont)
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MILLER
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was NOT a key contributor to MFT
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how can an entrance to the family happen?
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* birth
* marriage * adoption |
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families longest relationships are with...
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siblings
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a nuclear family is...
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mother, father, and children
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social expectations of men and women develop...
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* different life experiences
*different opportunities *different roles |
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vertical stressors...
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stay with the family over time
i.e...a biological, emotional, or physical need...an addiction could also be one |
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horizontal stressors
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an event that happens
*this can lead to a vertical stressor * i.e. a car accident or an argument (these could lead to emotional or physical needs) |
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a post modern view is...
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there is no absolute truth
*each of us construct our own version of reality |
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what does Walsh define as KEY PROCESSES in FAMILY RESILIENCY?
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* family communication
*family patterns *family organization processes *positive belief systems (consistent) IT IS NOT life cycle stage that they are in |
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what is linear causality?
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A affects B.
i.e. depression affects marital distress |
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what is circular causality?
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A affects B affects C
* i.e. A ( marital satisfaction) affects B ( Depression) affects C (the happiness of each individual in the marriage) |
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Culture VS. Ethnicity
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culture is SHARED BEHAVIORS FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT
Ethnicity is the BELONGING to a group/ SOCIAL CLASS |
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BOWEN
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DYAD- 2 people
TRIAD- 3 people (usually a dyad leads to a triad) |
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as an mft...what is the most interesting?
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FAMILY PROCESSES...
processes tell us how the system is working now! |
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what is functional symptomatic behavior?
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working to keep the system together
* usually negative. |
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what are cybernetics
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the study of feedback loops, how information goes through and out and adjusts.
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Rubber Fence
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Wynne's concept that talks of shifting boundaries around a family
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marital skew
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disturbed marriage, where one partner dominates
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Marital Schism
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family disharmony, one partner puts down the other or both do. Threats of divorce
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Encounter group
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therapy where a group expresses intense experiences and they share insights w each other
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Developmental tasks
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problems to overcome at different life stages enabling movement towards the next development stage
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open/closed systems
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open- more or less permeable boundaries
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geneogram
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diagram of family relations in search for patterns
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Meta-rules
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rules about rules
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bi-nuclear family
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children reside with one parent but both parents have equal access to them
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All families have resources to call upon
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truth!
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systems-oriented clinicians are most interested in
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the process that is taking place WITHIN a family
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when family therapists refer to first-order cybernetics, they are attending to
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patterns of structure and feedback control that govern systems
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the family therapist who joins a family and engages in a dialogue rather than observing from outside is probably a
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second-order cybernetic
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what is NOT an example of a DISCONTINUOUS life style change event in a family's history?
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birth of a handicapped child.
THESE ARE *father's retirement *birth of a child |
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how many divorces occur annually in the US today?
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1 million
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What is the most significant milestone in a family's life cycle
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the arrival of children! Babies, yay!
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Gay adults are less fit parents than strait adults
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FALSE!!
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The Women's Project in Family Therapy:
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helped introduce a feminist perspective to the field of family therapy
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Women are especially vulnerable if divorced later in life because of:
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*their embeddedness in relationships
*their orientation toward interdependence *their lifelong subordination of achievement to caring for others |
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family, loyalty, unity, honor and obligation are all very important in:
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latin american families
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cultural specificity refers to
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detailed knowledge regarding to unfamiliar groups
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family therapists re likely to be middle-class in viewpoint
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TRUTH!
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family rules directing what may or may not occur between members can be considered
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prescriptive
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in families labeled as pathogenic (non-healthy interacting), demands by an adolescent for a rule change would likely be met with:
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increased rigidity regarding the retention of rules
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Negative and positive feedback loops are
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neither good or bad
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closed systems tend to become disorganized and go into disorder. This is called
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entrophy
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A double-bind situation calls for
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*an ongoing relationship involving at least two people
*contradictory injunctions *an inability to escape the situation |
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Feminists have faulted existing practices as:
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* favoring masculine values
*devaluing nurturance * based on male development |
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when organisms are said to be structure determined, it means:
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they are limited by the repertoire of their structure
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Peer review refers to:
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independent evaluation by a coleague of one's procedures
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The probability of a psychologist being sued in court is:
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less than one in 100
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in case of detected child abuse, the therapist should:
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report it immediately to the police or child welfare agency
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supervisees should inform clients that
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*they are being supervised
*they can not guarantee complete confidentiality *the session may be recorded |
