Met&stats 2 Midterm 1

Front 1

history

Back 1

changes that occur over time in a very large group of people

Hint 1

pretest-postest, changes may masquerade as treatment effects

Front 2

maturation

Back 2

changes that occur over time in a specific group of people due to normal development or experience

Hint 2

pretest-posttest, changes may masquerade as treatment effects

Front 3

testing

Back 3

tendency for people to perform better the second time they take it

Hint 3

pretests-posttest, changes may masquerade as treatment effects

Front 4

instrumentation

Back 4

any change during the measurement or instrument may influence the research validity

Front 5

selection

Back 5

choosing research participants from a nonrepresentative sample by using imperfect sampling techniques

Front 6

mortality

Back 6

problem introduced when people that are the same drop out of a study

Front 7

selection x maturation interaction

Back 7

two groups are different in their rates of maturation

Front 8

regression to the mean

Back 8

problem introduced when people are arranged into groups based on ability in pretest

Front 9

testing x treatment interaction

Back 9

interaction between taking a pretest and the treatment itself may effect the result of the experimental group

Front 10

selection by treatment interaction

Back 10

possibility that the outcome was only true for the group of individuals tested

Front 11

reactive arrangements

Back 11

participant behavior at least partly due to simply their participation in the experiment

Front 12

pseudo-experiment

Back 12

research design in which the investigator exposes one or more people to a variable of interest and notes that the people exposed to the treatment felt, thought, or behaved as expected

Hint 12

a false experiment

Front 13

control group

Back 13

group used as the standard for comparison for assessing the effects of an experimental group

Front 14

nonresponse bias

Back 14

substantail portion of those invited to participate in a study refuse to do so

Front 15

hawthorne effect

Back 15

increase in productivity that may occur when workers feel their performance is being studied or they feel they are receiving special treatment

Front 16

attrition

Back 16

another term for mortality

Front 17

homogenous attrition

Back 17

when people who drop out are the same

Front 18

heterogeneous attrition

Back 18

when people who drop out are different

Front 19

particpant reaction bias

Back 19

patricipants may act in a way they would not usually act due to the fact that they are being studied

Front 20

participant expectancies

Back 20

form of participant reaction bias that occurs when participants conssciously or unconsciously try to behave in ways they believe to be consistent with the experimenter's hypothesis

Front 21

demand characteristics

Back 21

experiment subtly suggests how the participants should behave

Front 22

participant reactance

Back 22

form of participant reaction bias that occurs when participants attempt to assert theur sense of personal freedom by choosing to behave in ways they believe to be in opposition to experimenter's expecttions

Front 23

evaluation apprehension

Back 23

form of reaction bias that occurs when participants attempt to behave in whatever way they think will portray them most favorably

Front 24

cover story

Back 24

false story about the nature and purpose of a study

Front 25

unobtrusive observations

Back 25

observations that are made secretly without asking participants any direct questions and without letting them know their behaviour is being monitored

Front 26

experimenter bias

Back 26

investigtor's expectancies about participants lead to flase support for the expectations

Front 27

double blind procedure

Back 27

both research participants and experimenter unaware of the treatment conditions during an experiment

Front 28

confounds

Back 28

additional variable exists that may influence dependent variable and varies systematically along with the independent or predictor variable

Hint 28

should have been help constant but allowed to vary

Front 29

artifact

Back 29

held constant in a study but influences the relation between the independent variable and dependent variable

Hint 29

held constant but should have been allowed to vary

Front 30

noise

Back 30

extraneous variable that inluences the dependent variable but that is evenly distributed aross experimental conditions