Medical Surgical Nursing: Care Of Patients With Cerebrovascular Disorders

Front 1

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Back 1

Temporary impairment of the cerebral circulation causing neurological impairment lasting less than 24 hours. Depriving brain of glucose and O2. A warning for an impending stroke.

Front 2

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

Back 2

Death of brain tissue caused by disruption of blood flow to the brain. Characterized by focal neurological deficiets specific to the area of the brain involved that do not fully resolve.

Front 3

Penumbra

Back 3

The temporary formation of brain tissue surrounding damage caused by a stroke which allows for the possibility of repair when reprofused quickly.

Front 4

What is a thrombus?

Back 4

A blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there

Front 5

Ischemic Stroke

Back 5

Thrombus formation due to athrosclerosis, embolus asscociated w/ a-fib

Front 6

Causes of hemorragic Stroke

Back 6

Nost common cause uncontrolled HTN, aneurysm (weakness in aetery wall) rupture, AV malformations (arteries and veins connecting without capillaries causes increased venous pressure), Anticoagulant therapy

Front 7

Sources of decreased perfussion:

Back 7

Severe stenosis of carotid or basilar ateries, vasculitis associated with systemic lupis erythematosus, bacterial or TB meningitis, fungal infections, herpes zoster arteritis

Front 8

Hemorragic Stroke

Back 8

Bleeding into the brain caused by the rupture of a cerebral blood vessel resulting in the death of the vessels and damage to the surrounding area.

Front 9

Common cause of intracerbral hemmorage

Back 9

Uncontrolled hypertension and ruptured aneurysm

Front 10

What is an embolism?

Back 10

A clot that travels from the site where it formed to another location in the body

Front 11

What is a thrombolysis?

Back 11

The breaking up of a blood clot

Front 12

Causes of increased clotting

Back 12

Genetic predisposition, non-functioning anticlotting factors, aquired hypercoagulation, Triad of Virchow: (1)injury ro endothelium, (2)Abnormal blood flow, (3)hyper-coagulabiity

Front 13

Theraputic intervention of Hemorrhagic Stroke

Back 13

Surgical Intervention, Endovascular Procedures, e.g., "coils"

Front 14

Theraputic intervention of Ischemic Stroke

Back 14

Clot-busters, e.g., tPA
The most promising treatment for ischemic stroke is the FDA-approved clot-busting drug tPA, which must be administered within a three-hour window from the onset of symptoms to work best. Generally, only 3 to 5 percent of those who suffer a stroke reach the hospital in time to be considered for this treatment

Front 15

Preventative Treatment for Ischemic Stroke

Back 15

Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets, Carotid Endarterectomy, Angioplasty/Stents

Front 16

Hemiplegia

Back 16

Paralysis of one side of the body

Front 17

Unilateral neglect

Back 17

Deficit in attention to the opposite side of space is observed. Inattention, includes ignoring contralesional sights, sounds, smells, or tactile stimuli.

Front 18

Aphasia

Back 18

Aphasia
Is a disorder caused by damage to the parts of the brain that control language

Front 19

Expressive aphasia

Back 19

You know what you want to say, but you have trouble saying or writing what you mean

Front 20

Receptive aphasia

Back 20

You hear the voice or see the print, but you can't make sense of the words

Front 21

Anomic aphasia

Back 21

You have trouble using the correct word for objects, places or events

Front 22

Global aphasia

Back 22

You can't speak, understand speech, read or write

Front 23

Cerebral aneurysm/Subarchnoid hemmorage

Back 23

A cerebral aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel supplying the cerebrum. The weakened area forms a sac that fills with blood cause bleeding in the arachnoid or subarachnoid space.

Front 24

Causes of Cerebral aneurysm/Subarchnoid hemmorage

Back 24

Family history, previous aneurysm, hypertension and smoking

Front 25

Symptoms of a ruptured brain aneurysm

Back 25

Sudden, severe headache (sometimes described as a "thunderclap" headache that is very different from any normal headache),nuchal rigidity, N/V, photophobia, IICP, loss of consciousness, seizures, disorientation, pupil changes(dialation) and motor dysfunction.

Front 26

Brain aneurysm diagnoses

Back 26

CT, MRI, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and cerebral angiogram.

Front 27

Theraputic interventions for cerebral aneurysms treated?

Back 27

Microvascular clipping, occlusion, and endovascular embolization