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195 Cards in this Set
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Concurrent disorder, pregnancy related complications |
High risk pregnancy |
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Birthweith less that 2500 grams or 5.5 pounds |
Low birth weight |
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Birth before the gestational age of 38 wks |
Preterm birth |
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Fetoprotein done at 16-18wks pregnancy |
Maternal serum for alpha |
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Fetoprotein done at 16-18wks pregnancy |
Maternal serum for alpha |
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Determination pf rh antibodies are present in rh negative women |
Indirect coombs test |
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Titers that protects women against these infectious diseases |
Rubella Hepa b Chicken pox |
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Titers that protects women against these infectious diseases |
Rubella Hepa b Chicken pox |
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Screening for woman who has used iv drugs, engaged sex with multiple partners, hemopholliacs etc |
Hiv screening |
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Titers that protects women against these infectious diseases |
Rubella Hepa b Chicken pox |
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Screening for woman who has used iv drugs, engaged sex with multiple partners, hemopholliacs etc |
Hiv screening |
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Done to women with unexplained fetal loss, history of diabetes, has baby with LGA, obesity and glycosuria |
Glucose loading / tolerance test |
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Determination the presence of pyuria, glycosuria & proteinuria |
Urinalysis |
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Determination the presence of pyuria, glycosuria & proteinuria |
Urinalysis |
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Indicated for a woman with low immune system, history of tb and purified protein directives |
Tb screening |
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Determination the presence of pyuria, glycosuria & proteinuria |
Urinalysis |
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Indicated for a woman with low immune system, history of tb and purified protein directives |
Tb screening |
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Indicated if LMP is unknown |
UTZ |
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Determination the presence of pyuria, glycosuria & proteinuria |
Urinalysis |
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Indicated for a woman with low immune system, history of tb and purified protein directives |
Tb screening |
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Indicated if LMP is unknown |
UTZ |
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Any degree of bleeding needs to be evaluated for |
Hypovolemic shock |
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Conditions associated with 1st trimester of pregnancy |
Abortion Ectopic pregnancy Abdominal preganancy |
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Interruption of pregnancy before the fetus is viable |
Abortion |
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Other term for abortion |
Miscarriage |
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Other term for abortion |
Miscarriage |
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It occurs prior to 16th wk |
Early abortion |
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Other term for abortion |
Miscarriage |
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It occurs prior to 16th wk |
Early abortion |
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Occures 16-24th wk |
Late abortion |
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15-30% for women to do it |
Spontaneous miscarriage |
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Causes of abortion |
Abnormal fetal formation Implantation abnormalities Lack of progesterone Trauma Infecton Ingestion of teratogenic drug Emotional shock |
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Therapeutic management for abortion |
Needs to be seen by a healthcare provider if it is for emergency and hospitalization |
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Causes of abortion |
Abnormal fetal formation Implantation abnormalities Lack of progesterone Trauma Infecton Ingestion of teratogenic drug Emotional shock |
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Therapeutic management for abortion |
Needs to be seen by a healthcare provider if it is for emergency and hospitalization |
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Types pf abortion |
Threatened Imminent (inevitable) Complete Incomplete Missed Recurrent / habitual |
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Causes of abortion |
Abnormal fetal formation Implantation abnormalities Lack of progesterone Trauma Infecton Ingestion of teratogenic drug Emotional shock |
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Therapeutic management for abortion |
Needs to be seen by a healthcare provider if it is for emergency and hospitalization |
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Types pf abortion |
Threatened Imminent (inevitable) Complete Incomplete Missed Recurrent / habitual |
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Unexplained vaginal bleeding w/ cramping or dilation |
Threatened abortion |
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Causes of abortion |
Abnormal fetal formation Implantation abnormalities Lack of progesterone Trauma Infecton Ingestion of teratogenic drug Emotional shock |
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Therapeutic management for abortion |
Needs to be seen by a healthcare provider if it is for emergency and hospitalization |
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Types pf abortion |
Threatened Imminent (inevitable) Complete Incomplete Missed Recurrent / habitual |
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Unexplained vaginal bleeding w/ cramping or dilation |
Threatened abortion |
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Clinical manifestation for threatened abortion |
Closed cervix Bleeding/cramping Progress to miscarriage |
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Therapeutic management for threatened abortion |
Assess fetal heart and do ultrasound Avoid doing activity1-2days Complete bed rest No coitus for 2wks |
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Therapeutic management for threatened abortion |
Assess fetal heart and do ultrasound Avoid doing activity1-2days Complete bed rest No coitus for 2wks |
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Irreversible uterine evacuation has begun |
Imminent / inevitable |
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Clinical manifestation for imminent abortion |
No fetal heart sounds detected |
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Therapeutic management for imminent abortion |
Perform vacuum extraction |
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Clinical manifestation for imminent abortion |
No fetal heart sounds detected |
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Therapeutic management for imminent abortion |
Perform vacuum extraction |
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Entire contents of conception are expelled spontaneously |
Complete abortion |
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Clinical manifestation for imminent abortion |
No fetal heart sounds detected |
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Therapeutic management for imminent abortion |
Perform vacuum extraction |
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Entire contents of conception are expelled spontaneously |
Complete abortion |
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Part of the conceptus expelled but membranes or placenta is retained |
Incomplete abortion |
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Fetus dies inside the utero but not expelled |
Missed abortion |
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Abortion that pccurs following 2 previous consecutive loses |
Recurrent abortion |
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Implantation occurs outside of the uterus |
Ectopic pregnancy |
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Implantation occurs outside of the uterus |
Ectopic pregnancy |
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Sites/types |
Fallopian tube Ovarian Cervical Abdominal |
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Use of laprascope to determine the damage of fallopian tube. Allows surgeon to access inside of the abdomen |
Laprascopy |
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Examination of the viscera of the pelvic |
Culdoscopy |
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Determine the growing of the fetus |
Ultrasound |
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Repair damage of fallopian tube. Large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into abdominal cavity |
Salpingectomy |
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Use of laprascope to determine the damage of fallopian tube. Allows surgeon to access inside of the abdomen |
Laprascopy |
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Examination of the viscera of the pelvic |
Culdoscopy |
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Determine the growing of the fetus |
Ultrasound |
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Repair damage of fallopian tube. Large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into abdominal cavity |
Salpingectomy |
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Drug stops cells from dividing |
Oral administration of methotrexate |
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After ectopic pregnancy rupture. Product pf conception is expelled into the pelvic cavity with a minimum bleeding |
Abdominal pregnancy |
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Conditions associated with 2nd trimester bleeding |
Hytadiform mole (GTD) Incompetent cervix |
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Proliferation and degeneration of trophoblast villi. Appearing graped sized vesicles |
Hytadiform mole |
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Types of molar growth |
Complete mole Partial mole |
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All trophoblast villi swells and become cystic. No fetal blood present |
Complete mole |
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Some villi forms normally. No embryo present but there is fetal blood. |
Partial mole |
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All trophoblast villi swells and become cystic. No fetal blood present |
Complete mole |
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Some villi forms normally. No embryo present but there is fetal blood. |
Partial mole |
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Predisposing factors of hytadiform mole |
Age 35yrs old above Low protein intake Marry blood group |
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Signs and symptoms of H mole |
Uterus grows rapidly Hcg titer is high Utz shows ni developing of fetus within uterus |
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Therapeutic management for hmole that involves dilation and curettahe with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from uterus |
Molar evacuation |
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All trophoblast villi swells and become cystic. No fetal blood present |
Complete mole |
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Some villi forms normally. No embryo present but there is fetal blood. |
Partial mole |
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Predisposing factors of hytadiform mole |
Age 35yrs old above Low protein intake Marry blood group |
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Signs and symptoms of H mole |
Uterus grows rapidly Hcg titer is high Utz shows ni developing of fetus within uterus |
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Therapeutic management for hmole that involves dilation and curettahe with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from uterus |
Molar evacuation |
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Cervix that dilates prematurely and cannot hold the fetus until term |
Incompetent cervix |
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All trophoblast villi swells and become cystic. No fetal blood present |
Complete mole |
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Some villi forms normally. No embryo present but there is fetal blood. |
Partial mole |
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Predisposing factors of hytadiform mole |
Age 35yrs old above Low protein intake Marry blood group |
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Signs and symptoms of H mole |
Uterus grows rapidly Hcg titer is high Utz shows ni developing of fetus within uterus |
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Therapeutic management for hmole that involves dilation and curettahe with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from uterus |
Molar evacuation |
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Cervix that dilates prematurely and cannot hold the fetus until term |
Incompetent cervix |
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Surgical treatment wherein pursestring suture is placed in the cervix to prevent relaxation and dilation of cervix |
Cervical cerclage |
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All trophoblast villi swells and become cystic. No fetal blood present |
Complete mole |
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Some villi forms normally. No embryo present but there is fetal blood. |
Partial mole |
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Predisposing factors of hytadiform mole |
Age 35yrs old above Low protein intake Marry blood group |
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Signs and symptoms of H mole |
Uterus grows rapidly Hcg titer is high Utz shows ni developing of fetus within uterus |
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Therapeutic management for hmole that involves dilation and curettahe with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from uterus |
Molar evacuation |
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Cervix that dilates prematurely and cannot hold the fetus until term |
Incompetent cervix |
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Surgical treatment wherein pursestring suture is placed in the cervix to prevent relaxation and dilation of cervix |
Cervical cerclage |
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Types of cerclage |
Shirodkar technique Mc donald “ |
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All trophoblast villi swells and become cystic. No fetal blood present |
Complete mole |
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Some villi forms normally. No embryo present but there is fetal blood. |
Partial mole |
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Predisposing factors of hytadiform mole |
Age 35yrs old above Low protein intake Marry blood group |
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Signs and symptoms of H mole |
Uterus grows rapidly Hcg titer is high Utz shows ni developing of fetus within uterus |
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Therapeutic management for hmole that involves dilation and curettahe with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from uterus |
Molar evacuation |
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Cervix that dilates prematurely and cannot hold the fetus until term |
Incompetent cervix |
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Surgical treatment wherein pursestring suture is placed in the cervix to prevent relaxation and dilation of cervix |
Cervical cerclage |
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Types of cerclage |
Shirodkar technique Mc donald “ |
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Temporary; sterile tape is threaded in a pursestring manner |
Shirodkar |
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All trophoblast villi swells and become cystic. No fetal blood present |
Complete mole |
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Some villi forms normally. No embryo present but there is fetal blood. |
Partial mole |
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Predisposing factors of hytadiform mole |
Age 35yrs old above Low protein intake Marry blood group |
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Signs and symptoms of H mole |
Uterus grows rapidly Hcg titer is high Utz shows ni developing of fetus within uterus |
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Therapeutic management for hmole that involves dilation and curettahe with suction to remove all abnormal tissue from uterus |
Molar evacuation |
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Cervix that dilates prematurely and cannot hold the fetus until term |
Incompetent cervix |
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Surgical treatment wherein pursestring suture is placed in the cervix to prevent relaxation and dilation of cervix |
Cervical cerclage |
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Types of cerclage |
Shirodkar technique Mc donald “ |
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Temporary; sterile tape is threaded in a pursestring manner |
Shirodkar |
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Permanent; Nylon sutures are placed horizontally and vertically |
Mc donald technique |
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Post operative care after cervical cerclage |
Ask women who are reporting painless bleeding whether they had past cervical operation Bed rest in trendelenburg position |
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Low implantation of placenta; placenta implanted abnormally in the uterus |
Placenta previa |
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Degrees of placenta previa |
Low lying Marginal Partial Total |
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Lower rather than in upper portion |
Low lying |
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Post operative care after cervical cerclage |
Ask women who are reporting painless bleeding whether they had past cervical operation Bed rest in trendelenburg position |
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Low implantation of placenta; placenta implanted abnormally in the uterus |
Placenta previa |
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Degrees of placenta previa |
Low lying Marginal Partial Total |
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Lower rather than in upper portion |
Low lying |
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Placenta edge approaches |
Marginal |
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Occludes the portion of cervical os |
Partial |
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Totally obstructs the cervical os |
Total |
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Conditions associated with placenta previa |
Multiparity Multiple gestation Alteration in uterine structure Uterine scars Increased maternal age |
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Overstretching of uterine muscles |
Multiparity |
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Separation pf part or all of a normally implanted placenta after 10th wk of pregnancy before the birth of baby |
Abruption of placenta |
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Bp 140/90 systolic elevated 30mmHg diastolic 15mmHg |
Gestational pre eclampsia |
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Bp 140/90 systolic elevated 30mmHg diastolic 15mmHg. Presence of proteinuria. Increase weight 2lbs/wk |
Mild pre eclampsia |
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BP 160/90 |
Severe pre eclampsia |
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BP 160/90 |
Severe pre eclampsia |
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Types of hemorrhage |
Concealed Apparent |
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Separates uterine surface of uterus |
Concealed |
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Partial separation |
Apparent |
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Clinical manifestations |
Marginal Centralis Couvlaire uterus |
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Painless vaginal bleeding |
Marginal |
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Painful vaginal bleeding with dark red |
Centralis |
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Boardlike uterus with no apparentlabor |
Couvclaire uterus |
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Labor that occurs before the end of 37 wk gestationcond |
Premature labor |
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Condition in which vasospasm occurs during pregnancy in both small and large arteries |
Pregnancy induced hypertension |
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With tonic-clonic convulsion accompanied by severe pre eclampsia |
eclampsia |
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2 or more embryos developed in the uterus at the same time |
Multiple pregnancy |
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Fertilization of single ovum and sperm |
Identical-mozygotic |
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Fertelization of two separate ova ad sperm |
Dizygotic-non identical |
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Excess fluid more than 2000ml or an amniotic fluid index above 24 |
Hydramnios/polyhydramnios |
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Etologic factors pf hydramnios |
Multiple pregnance Maternal disorder Fetal abnormalities |
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Effects pf increased amniotic fluid |
Preterm labor PROM Cord prolapse Perinatal death |
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Pregnancy which extends beyond 32wks gestation |
Post term pregnancy |
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Effects of increased amniotic fluid |
Preterm labor PROM Cord prolapse Perinatal death |
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Complication of labor and birth |
Dystocia (difficult labor) Inertia (dysfunctional labor) |
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Complication of labor and birth |
Dystocia (difficult labor) Inertia (dysfunctional labor) |
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Labor that is made longer or more painful due to problems of mechanism of labor invluding 4ps |
Dystocia |
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4ps |
Passage Passenger Power Psyche |
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Uterine contraction |
Power |
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Fetus |
Passenger |
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Birth canal |
Passage |
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Woman and family’s perception of labor or event |
Psyche |
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Complication of labor and birth |
Dystocia (difficult labor) Inertia (dysfunctional labor) |
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Develops during the 2nd stage of labor |
Secondary inertia |
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Problems with the force labor/power |
Hypotonic Hypertonic |
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10mmHg of resting phase, active phase of labor and painless |
Hypotonic |
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More than 15mmHg of resting tone, latent phase of labor and painful |
Hypertonic |
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More than one pacemaker maybe initiating the contractions The client has difficulty in resting or using breathing exercise between contractions |
Uncoordinated contractions |
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Dysfunctional labor according to pattern and timing |
Prolonged latent phase Protracted active phase Prolonged descent phase Secondary arrest of dilatation |
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Longer 20hrs for nullipara and 14hrs for multipara. Cervix is not ripe at the beginning of labor and in hypotonic phase |
Prolonged latent phase |
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Associated with cpd or fetal malposition occurs 12hrs for primi and 6hrs for multi and its hypertonic |
Protracted active phase |
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Extends beyond 3 hrs nullipara and 1hr multipara |
Prolonged deceleration phase |
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No progress in cervical dilatation for more than 2hrs |
Secondary arrest of dilatation |
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Labor that is made longer or more painful due to problems of mechanism of labor invluding 4ps |
Dystocia |
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Dysfunction at the 2nd stage of labor |
Prolonged descent Arrest of descent |
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Rate of the descent is less than 1cm/hr in nullipara and 2cm/hr in multipara |
Prolonged descent |
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Descent has occured 1hr in multi and 2hrs in nulli |
Arrest of descent |
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Problems with passenger |
Prolapse of umbilical cord Multiple Gestation |
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Loop of the umbilical cord slips down infront of presenting part |
Prolapse of umbilical cord |
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Assess woman carefully in the immediate postpartal period |
Multiple gestation |
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Problems with position, presentation or size |
Occipito posterior position Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
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Tend to occur in women with android, anthropoid or contracted pelvis |
ROP/LOP |
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Acquired disorder of blood clotting in which the fibrinogen level falls to below effective limits |
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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4ps |
Passage Passenger Power Psyche |
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Uterine contraction |
Power |
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Fetus |
Passenger |
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Birth canal |
Passage |
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Woman and family’s perception of labor or event |
Psyche |
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Time honored term denote that the sluggishness of contractions has occured |
Inertia |
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Dysfunctional labor is generally classified according to time and onset |
Primary inertia Secondary inertia |
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Total or partial absence of contractions |
Primary inertia |
