Mccurdy World History Term Set 2-4

Front 1

Many wars and conflicts have arisen over _______.

Back 1

ethnic or religious differences.

Front 2

Religious and ethnic differences have often led to _______.

Back 2

civil wars

Front 3

A war between the people of the same country.

Back 3

civil war

Front 4

Though they have great religious and ethnic diversity they have avoided internal conflict because they have distributed economic and political power among various groups. (2 Southeast Asian nations)

Back 4

Malaysia and Singapore

Front 5

Conflicts occur because one religious or ethnic group believes it is being ________.

Back 5

discriminated against by another group.

Front 6

Were excluded from power by the Sinhalese Buddhists.

Back 6

Hindu Tamils

Front 7

Rebelled against the Sinhalese Buddhists in Sri Lanka

Back 7

Hindu Tamils

Front 8

Hindu Tamils would not agree to a ceasefire until 2002 when the Sri Lanka government agreed to negotiations for a separate ______________.

Back 8

Tamil regional government

Front 9

Felt they were mistreated by the English speaking majority in Canada.

Back 9

French speaking people in Quebec

Front 10

French speaking people in Quebec were able to get support for their language and culture through ____.

Back 10

democratic means

Front 11

Won independence from Great Britain in 1922.

Back 11

Ireland

Front 12

Six northern counties which remained apart of Great Britain and had a protestant majority.

Back 12

Northern Ireland

Front 13

Faced economic and political discrimination in Northern Ireland.

Back 13

Catholics

Front 14

The majority faith in the Republic of Ireland.

Back 14

Catholic

Front 15

The Catholics in Northern Ireland wanted Northern Ireland unified with the __________.

Back 15

Republic of Ireland.

Front 16

Attacked Protestants in Northern Ireland and engaged in terrorism against Britain.

Back 16

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

Front 17

Attacked Catholics in Northern Ireland.

Back 17

Protestant militia

Front 18

Protestants and Catholics signed a peace accord in Ireland in 1998.

Back 18

Good Friday Agreement

Front 19

Even after the Good Friday Agreement there were still episodes of violence in ______.

Back 19

Northern Ireland

Front 20

In several former Soviet Republics ethnic minorities fought for freedom from ______.

Back 20

domination by the republics' majority

Front 21

Chechen Muslims fought to free Chechnya from ____.

Back 21

Russia

Front 22

In the mid-1990s Russia brutally crushed a _______.

Back 22

Chechen revolt

Front 23

In 1999 when new fighting erupted Russian troops won control of Grozny the _____.

Back 23

Capital of Chechnya

Front 24

When some Chechens turned to terrorist attacks elsewhere in Russia, Russians claimed the Chechens rebels were linked to _____.

Back 24

Muslim terrorists in other parts of the world.

Front 25

In the 1990s Yugoslavia was torn apart by _______.

Back 25

ethnic, nationalist, & religious tensions.

Front 26

Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Croats, Slovenes, Bosniaks and Albanians made up the ethnic groups of ___.

Back 26

Yugoslavia

Front 27

Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Macedonia were the _______.

Back 27

six republics of Yugoslavia before 1991

Front 28

Prior to 1991 Yugoslavia was held together by the communist party dominated by _____.

Back 28

Serbia

Front 29

Serbs were the majority in Serbia but were minorities in the other ___.

Back 29

Yugoslav republics

Front 30

Tried in vane to control Yugoslavia after the fall of communism.

Back 30

Serbians

Front 31

After Croatia and Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 fighting broke out in Croatia between _______.

Back 31

Croats and Serbs

Front 32

By 1992 Macedonia & Bosnia had declared independence from ________.

Back 32

Yugoslavia

Front 33

In 2003 Yugoslavia was renamed _____.

Back 33

Serbia & Montenegro

Front 34

When Bosnia declared independence the Bosnia Serbs fought to set up their own ________.

Back 34

government in Bosnia

Front 35

Bosnia Serbs received money & arms from ______.

Back 35

Serbs in Yugoslavia

Front 36

Fought the Serbs in Bosnia.

Back 36

Muslim Bosniaks

Front 37

Bosnia Serbs engaged in vicious attacks against the Bosniaks called ____.

Back 37

ethnic cleansing

Front 38

Attempts to kill or remove other ethnics to create ethnically "pure" areas.

Back 38

ethnic cleansing

Front 39

Croats attempted it against the Serbs in Croatia.

Back 39

ethnic cleansing

Front 40

Ethnic cleansing sometimes resulted in ______.

Back 40

mass executions

Front 41

The Bosnian Serbs and the other warring parties were forced to negotiate by ______.

Back 41

NATO air strikes

Front 42

Ended the war in Bosnia in 1995.

Back 42

Dayton Accords

Front 43

Serbian province that was 90% Albanian.

Back 43

Kosovo

Front 44

Serbian President who in 1989 began oppressing Kosovar Albanians.

Back 44

Slobodan Milosevic

Front 45

After peaceful protests led to greater repression Albanian guerrillas from Kosovo began in the mid-1990s to attack _____.

Back 45

Serbian targets

Front 46

In 1999, NATO launched strikes against _______.

Back 46

Serbia

Front 47

In Kosovo the Yugoslavian/Serbian military attempted it against the Albanians.

Back 47

ethnic cleansing

Front 48

Forced Yugoslavia to withdraw its forces from Kosovo.

Back 48

NATO air strikes

Front 49

Restored the peace in Kosovo.

Back 49

U.N. & NATO forces

Front 50

Although Kosovo remained a part of Serbia in theory after 1999 it was under the control of the ___.

Back 50

UN

Front 51

When South Africa won independence in 1910, freedom was limited to the minority ________.

Back 51

White settlers

Front 52

Expanded system of racial segregation in South Africa began in 1948.

Back 52

Apartheid

Front 53

The main organization that opposed apartheid and led the struggle for majority rule. Outlawed in 1960.

Back 53

African National Congress (ANC)

Front 54

In 1960 police gunned down 69 men, women, and children during a peaceful demonstration in a black township in South Africa

Back 54

Sharpeville Massacre

Front 55

Pushed the ANC to shift from nonviolent protest to armed struggle.

Back 55

Sharpeville Massacre

Front 56

At first organized young South Africans to peacefully resist apartheid laws.

Back 56

Nelson Mandela

Front 57

As government violence grew he joined militants who called for armed struggle.

Back 57

Nelson Mandela

Front 58

ANC leader.

Back 58

Nelson Mandela

Front 59

Arrested, tried and condemned to life in prison for treason against apartheid.

Back 59

Nelson Mandela

Front 60

Even in prison he was a powerful leader and symbol in the struggle for freedom in South Africa.

Back 60

Nelson Mandela

Front 61

In 1984 a South African bishop who won the Nobel Peace Prize for nonviolent opposition to apartheid.

Back 61

Desmond Tutu

Front 62

South African president pressured to end apartheid.

Back 62

F.W. de Klerk

Front 63

Lifted the ban on the ANC. (1990)

Back 63

F.W. de Klerk

Front 64

Pressured to free Nelson Mandela (1990)

Back 64

F.W. de Klerk

Front 65

In 1994 becomes the country's first true president of a democratic South Africa.

Back 65

Nelson Mandela

Front 66

Since gaining independence from Belgium, in 1962, the central African countries of Rwanda and Burundi have been dominated by the conflict between the _________.

Back 66

Tutsis & Hutus

Front 67

In 1994 when a plane carrying the Hutu presidents of Rwanda & Burundi was shot down Hutu extremists urged civilians to _____.

Back 67

kill their Tutsi & moderate Hutu neighbors

Front 68

In the 1994 massacre in Rwanda about ______.

Back 68

800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus were killed.

Front 69

After Tutsi rebels win control in Rwanda in 1994 about 1 million Hutus fearful of revenge became ______.

Back 69

refugees in Zaire & Tanzania

Front 70

North eastern country in Africa, that has an Arab Muslim north dominating a non-Muslim, non-Arab south.

Back 70

Sudan

Front 71

Ethnic conflict causes civil war between the Islamic government and the non-Muslim rebels. (Northeastern African country)

Back 71

Sudan

Front 72

Sudan's western region

Back 72

Darfur

Front 73

Area in Sudan where the government backed Arab militias unleashed terror on non-Arab Muslim people.

Back 73

Darfur

Front 74

African nation won independence in 1975 but because its new government favored the Soviet Union, the U.S. aided the rebel groups fighting the new government.

Back 74

Angola

Front 75

Land Arabs lost to Israel through several wars

Back 75

occupied territories

Front 76

Palestine Liberation Organization

Back 76

PLO

Front 77

Organization leading the Palestinian fight against Israel

Back 77

PLO

Front 78

Head of the PLO (for most of its existence)

Back 78

Yasir Arafat

Front 79

Palestinian revolts in occupied territories

Back 79

intifadas

Front 80

The PLO often used this to attack the Israelis

Back 80

terrorism

Front 81

Israel responded to PLO actions with a strong ______.

Back 81

armed forces

Front 82

Palestinian _____ increased with each Israeli attack.

Back 82

bitterness

Front 83

First female Prime Minister of Israel

Back 83

Golda Meir

Front 84

Arab nations attacked Israel in _____(Year) when Golda Meir was trying to negotiate peace

Back 84

1973

Front 85

Israel returned this region to Egypt in a 1979 peace accord

Back 85

Sinai Peninsula

Front 86

Signed in 1993 after direct talks between Israel and the PLO

Back 86

Oslo Accord

Front 87

Hopes for peace in the Israeli region, center on ending this

Back 87

cycle of violence and retaliation

Front 88

outlined a plan proposing Palestinian self-rule in Gaza and the West Bank in exchange for an end to terrorism

Back 88

Oslo Accord

Front 89

Israeli Prime Minister pushing for peace in the 1990s and assassinated for signing the Oslo Accord

Back 89

Yitzhak Rabin

Front 90

An example of radical Palestinian groups who increased terrorist attacks on Israel after many years of little progress following the Oslo accord

Back 90

Hamas

Front 91

U.S. devised plan involving potential withdrawal of Israelis from Gaza

Back 91

"Road Map to Peace"

Front 92

released hundreds of Palestinian prisoners after the death of Yasir Arafat and new pledges from successor Mahmoud Abbas to end attacks

Back 92

Ariel Sharon

Front 93

Three obstacles to peace between Arabs and Israelis

Back 93

original Palestinian land, Israeli settlements in occupied territories, and Jerusalem

Front 94

City sacred to Jews, Muslims and Christians, capital of Israel

Back 94

Jerusalem

Front 95

Arab-Israeli conflict spilled over into this neighboring nation by the 1970s

Back 95

Lebanon

Front 96

Largest and most powerful group in Lebanon when independence was attained.

Back 96

Arab Christians

Front 97

outnumbered Christians in Lebanon and demanded a greater share of power after Palestinians fled into Lebanon from regions that became Israel

Back 97

Muslims

Front 98

Civil war from 1975 to1990 destroyed this commercial center and allowed an Israeli invasion in the South and Syrian occupation in the East.

Back 98

Lebanon

Front 99

Long history of internal and external conflicts due to oil wealth and ethnic diversity. (Middle East Country)

Back 99

Iraq

Front 100

After WW II Iraq's monarchy had close ties to the _______.

Back 100

United States

Front 101

After the 1958 overthrow of their monarchy, Iraq's rulers developed closer ties with the _______.

Back 101

Soviet Union

Front 102

This minority group dominated the political power of Iraq until the country's free elections in 2005

Back 102

Sunni Arabs

Front 103

Iraq's government responded brutally to this groups fight for control of northern Iraq

Back 103

Kurds

Front 104

seized power in Iraq in 1979 and ruled as a dictator until his regime was overthrown by Coalition forces in 2003

Back 104

Saddam Hussein

Front 105

Took advantage of political turmoil in Iran after that nation's Islamic revolution, seizing disputed border regions between Iran and Iraq. (person)

Back 105

Saddam Hussein

Front 106

Won U.S. support during their prolonged war with Iran in the 1980s mainly because of Iran's bitter opposition to the U.S.

Back 106

Iraq

Front 107

During the Iran-Iraq war Hussein used chemical weapons, killing thousands of civilians in ______ villages

Back 107

Kurdish

Front 108

Iraq's 1990 invasion of this oil-rich nation motivated the U.S. to lead coalition forces in a counterattack in 1991

Back 108

Kuwait

Front 109

Under the UN banner, U.S. led forces quickly liberated Kuwait from Iraqi forces in this 1991 conflict.

Back 109

The Gulf War

Front 110

He used torture, terror and execution to maintain control of Shiites and Kurds in Iraq

Back 110

Saddam Hussein

Front 111

Biological, nuclear and chemical weapons

Back 111

weapons of mass destruction

Front 112

Country that repeatedly violated no-fly zones and failed to cooperate with UN weapons inspectors.

Back 112

Iraq

Front 113

U.S. and British coalition forces topple Hussein and begin occupation of Iraq in ______. (year)

Back 113

2003

Front 114

In 2005 free elections, this majority group won control of the government for the first time in Iraq's history.

Back 114

Shiites

Front 115

Efforts to rebuild Iraq are hampered by these rebels targeting foreigners or Iraqi's cooperating with foreign troops

Back 115

insurgents

Front 116

After WWII the central goal in Africa, Asia, and Latin America was _______.

Back 116

development

Front 117

The process of creating a more advanced economy & higher standard of living.

Back 117

development

Front 118

Nations that are trying to develop economically.

Back 118

developing world

Front 119

Most of the developing world which exists south of the Tropic of Cancer.

Back 119

global South

Front 120

Most of the industrialized nations that are north of the tropic of cancer.

Back 120

global North

Front 121

To pay for development many nations have had to borrow from the __________.

Back 121

global North

Front 122

Developing nations have tried to improve both their ________.

Back 122

agriculture & industry

Front 123

Developing nations have built schools to increase _________.

Back 123

literacy

Front 124

Many nations in the global South for centuries had ________ economies.

Back 124

traditional

Front 125

Traditional economies tend to limit _________.

Back 125

free enterprise

Front 126

After gaining independence some developing countries changed to ______.

Back 126

command economies

Front 127

When developing countries could not repay their loans lenders from the global North often forced them to change to _________.

Back 127

market economies

Front 128

Many developing countries depend on the global North for _________.

Back 128

investment & exports

Front 129

In the 1950s the global South starts to use better seeds, pesticides, and farm equipment.

Back 129

Green Revolution

Front 130

The Green Revolution forced small farmers who couldn't afford the new technology to _________.

Back 130

sell their farms and move to the cities.

Front 131

Because some developing countries were dependent on one export their economies would suffer if the _____.

Back 131

price for that product dropped

Front 132

Because families in developing countries tend to have many children, both for religious reasons and as a source of labor, population growth tends to ___________.

Back 132

outstrip food production

Front 133

Many people moving to the cities in the global South can't find jobs and are forced to live in overcrowded and dangerous _______.

Back 133

shantytowns

Front 134

Often oppose changes that undermine religious traditions.

Back 134

fundamentalists

Front 135

a system in which the government controls parts of the economy.

Back 135

socialism

Front 136

market economies with private ownership of property.

Back 136

capitalism

Front 137

a crop grown for direct sale rather than for personal consumption.

Back 137

cash crop

Front 138

support with government spending.

Back 138

subsidize

Front 139

a change from fertile to desert land.

Back 139

desertification

Front 140

the loss of farmland and pastures to the desert

Back 140

desertification

Front 141

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Back 141

AIDS

Front 142

a disease that has affected millions of Africans

Back 142

AIDS

Front 143

the disease known as AIDS is caused by the virus-

Back 143

HIV

Front 144

damages the body's ability to fight off infections

Back 144

HIV

Front 145

movement of people from rural areas to cities

Back 145

urbanization

Front 146

increased the opportunity for women

Back 146

urban markets

Front 147

brought different ethnic groups together in cities

Back 147

urbanization

Front 148

This demographic change caused ethnic loyalties to be replaced by a larger national identity.

Back 148

urbanization

Front 149

This demographic change weakened traditional cultures.

Back 149

urbanization

Front 150

based on African village traditions of cooperation and shared responsibility

Back 150

"African socialism"

Front 151

the government took over banks and businesses and encouraged farmers to move to larger collective farms

Back 151

"African socialism"

Front 152

a species threatened with extinction

Back 152

endangered species

Front 153

author of the "Green Belt Movement"

Back 153

Wangari Maathai

Front 154

Economic development that provides lasting well-being for future generations rather than just short term improvements.

Back 154

sustainable development

Front 155

Student who loves the studyof World History

Back 155

write you name here

Front 156

Served as the leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 through the early 90s, generally credited with developing China into one of the fastest growing economies in the world

Back 156

Deng Xiaoping

Front 157

Deng's program allowing for some features of a free market

Back 157

Four Modernizations

Front 158

Economic reforms in China brought a surge of growth, but also resulted in an economic gap between the ____.

Back 158

rural poor and wealthy city dwellers

Front 159

Thousands of young Chinese demonstrators pushing for democratic reforms were killed and many others arrested and tortured by government troops

Back 159

Tiananmen Square Massacre

Front 160

China created specific laws to limit _______ growth, to keep it from hurting economic development

Back 160

population

Front 161

Human rights activists have recently pressured China to correct many abuses such as their suppression of this regions ancient Buddhist culture

Back 161

Tibet

Front 162

With a population over 1 billion this nation is the world's largest democracy

Back 162

India

Front 163

One-third of India lives below the _______.

Back 163

poverty line

Front 164

Roman Catholic nun founding the groups providing aid to millions in India suffering from the effects of overpopulation

Back 164

Mother Teresa

Front 165

The Indian constitution bans discrimination against the dalits, but because of the long lasting effects of the caste system prejudice and discrimination ______.

Back 165

still exist

Front 166

To reduce the need for foreign goods many Latin American governments adopted this policy.

Back 166

Import substitution

Front 167

Due to its high cost Latin American governments began to give up ___________.

Back 167

Import substitution

Front 168

Giant commercial farms

Back 168

Agribusiness

Front 169

Latin American governments have backed __________ through irrigation and by clearing forested areas.

Back 169

Agribusiness

Front 170

__________ in Mexico City and Sao Paulo are among the largest in the world.

Back 170

Shantytowns

Front 171

Movement that urged churches to become a force for reform.

Back 171

Liberation theology

Front 172

Crusade for social justice and an end to poverty by nuns and priests in Latin America during the 1960s and 70s.

Back 172

Liberation theology

Front 173

These groups linked to governments in Latin countries killed when social unrest became prominent.

Back 173

Death Squads

Front 174

This group was formed in 1948 to promote democracy, economic cooperation, and human rights in the Americas.

Back 174

Organization of American States (OAS)

Front 175

In 1977, the United States signed treaties to turn control over of ________ in 2000.

Back 175

The Panama Canal

Front 176

The ____________ were a group of Nicaraguan socialist rebels who took control from the ruling family.

Back 176

Sandinistas

Front 177

U.S. President backed ______________, in Nicaragua to fight against the Sandinistas.

Back 177

Contras

Front 178

Guerillas who fought against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua.

Back 178

Contras

Front 179

Many people in Argentina fled the country while he ruled the country

Back 179

Juan Peron

Front 180

He increased the governments role, raised wages, and backed labor unions as the president of Argentina.

Back 180

Juan Peron

Front 181

After being ousted as president in 1955 he was again elected as president of Argentina in 1973.

Back 181

Juan Peron

Front 182

The end of the Cold War resulted in the development of a ________ economy.

Back 182

global

Front 183

After the Cold War more people immigrated to Europe from the ____.

Back 183

developing world

Front 184

The increase of immigration from developing countries to Europe and the limited number of jobs caused _____________ to rise.

Back 184

unemployment

Front 185

The European Economic Community became the ________.

Back 185

European Union (EU)

Front 186

The EU countries shared a common currency the ____.

Back 186

Euro

Front 187

By the early 2000s some Eastern European nations had joined the __. (not NATO)

Back 187

EU

Front 188

Older EU members were concerned that the new Eastern European members had weaker ____.

Back 188

economies

Front 189

In addition to the EU some Eastern European nations also joined ____.

Back 189

NATO

Front 190

After the breakup of the Soviet Union Russia became a ________ economy.

Back 190

market/capitalist

Front 191

Increased as Russia transitioned to a market economy. (Negative factors)

Back 191

inflation, unemployment, & crime

Front 192

In 1998 Russia defaulted on much of its ____________.

Back 192

foreign debt

Front 193

Became the Russian President in 2000.

Back 193

Vladimir Putin

Front 194

Promised to end corruption & make Russia's economy stronger but also increased governmental control and cut back on individual liberties. (person)

Back 194

Vladimir Putin

Front 195

World's only super power after the Cold War.

Back 195

United States

Front 196

Was involved in Middle East Peace talks, war in Iraq, and peacekeeping operations in Haiti. (country)

Back 196

United States

Front 197

In the 1990s the U.S. produced a budget _______.

Back 197

surplus

Front 198

Government takes in more than it spends.

Back 198

surplus

Front 199

Slow economic growth and high military spending in the 2000s resulted in the U.S. having budget _____.

Back 199

deficits

Front 200

Government spends more than it takes in.

Back 200

deficit

Front 201

Vast region of nations that border the Pacific Ocean

Back 201

Pacific Rim

Front 202

Since the end of the Cold War it has become increasingly important to the global economy. (region)

Back 202

Pacific Rim

Front 203

Grew into an economic power house after being devastated by WWII, but since the 1990s its economy has begun to slow.

Back 203

Japan

Front 204

Because of the economic growth of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea these nations have been called the ___________.

Back 204

"Asian tigers"

Front 205

The dependence of countries on each other for goods, resources, knowledge, and labor from other parts of the world.

Back 205

interdependence/globalization

Front 206

using low-paid workers in developing nations to produce manufactured goods cheaply

Back 206

outsourcing

Front 207

the practice of sending work to developing countries to save money or increase efficiency

Back 207

outsourcing

Front 208

any property that has exchange value

Back 208

asset

Front 209

companies that have branches in other countries and sell throughout the world

Back 209

multinational corporations

Front 210

has encouraged multinational corporations

Back 210

globalization/interdependence

Front 211

As a result of globalization an economic crisis in one nation can have a _____.

Back 211

global impact

Front 212

As a result of interdependence countries have become dependent on other countries for ______ (e.g. oil)

Back 212

natural resources

Front 213

the year OPEC raised oil prices and limited oil exports

Back 213

1973

Front 214

NGO's

Back 214

non-governmental organizations

Front 215

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was an attempt to reduce ________.

Back 215

Protectionism

Front 216

The World Trade Organization (WTO) was created to encourage _____.

Back 216

free trade

Front 217

use of tariffs and other restrictions that protect a country's home industries against competition

Back 217

protectionism

Front 218

Great Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United States and Russia are countries that comprise the

Back 218

G-8

Front 219

Many nations have formed regional ____, or groups, to promote trade and meet common needs.

Back 219

blocs

Front 220

largest bloc in the world

Back 220

EU (European Union)

Front 221

NAFTA

Back 221

North American Free Trade Association

Front 222

A regional trade bloc to facilitate trade among the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

Back 222

NAFTA

Front 223

NAFTA was a regional trade bloc that went into effect in ____. (year)

Back 223

1994

Front 224

The bloc Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was created to promote trade between ______.

Back 224

Pacific Rim Nations

Front 225

After crude oil, it is the world's most actively traded commodity.

Back 225

coffee

Front 226

A movement that ensures coffee growers receive a fair price for their crops is called the ____.

Back 226

fair trade movement

Front 227

Consumers have a greater variety of goods and services available to them because of ____.

Back 227

globalization

Front 228

a group of people bound together opposed to globalization

Back 228

anti-globalizers

Front 229

They claim rich counties exploit poor or developing nations.

Back 229

anti-globalizers

Front 230

The ability to meet the needs of the present without harming future generations

Back 230

sustainability or sustainable development

Front 231

Globalization involves much more than economic links and the spread of technology. It has brought all kinds of social and environmental issues to the _______.

Back 231

world's attention

Front 232

Half the world's population lives on less than ____ a day

Back 232

$2

Front 233

Examples of nations who have enjoyed economic growth and less poverty but extreme poverty still exists. (Asian countries)

Back 233

India and China

Front 234

Organizations like the World Bank believe that erasing poverty is essential to global ___________.

Back 234

security and peace

Front 235

are often the cause of death, destruction and unsanitary conditions that can have a ripple effect on global economy

Back 235

natural disasters

Front 236

Poverty, disasters, and wars have forced many people to become

Back 236

refugees

Front 237

Two examples of international agreements that have tried to guarantee basic human rights around the world

Back 237

Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Helsinki Accords

Front 238

Industrialization and the world population explosion have hurt the ___________.

Back 238

environment

Front 239

Commonly debated topic of the 21st century that refers to the rise in the Earth's temperature, from human activity such as the burning of fossil fuels, that could bring about devastating geographical changes

Back 239

global warming

Front 240

2005 treaty signed by over 140 countries (not the U.S.) to lower the emissions of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases that contribute to global warming

Back 240

Kyoto Protocol

Front 241

The purpose of this treaty was to ensure that nuclear weapons did not spread to countries that did not already have them.

Back 241

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)

Front 242

The use of violence, especially against civilians, by groups of extremists, which is sometimes backed by governments that protect and fund them.

Back 242

Terrorism

Front 243

They use headline-grabbing tactics to draw attention to their demands.

Back 243

Terrorists

Front 244

This group of terrorists in Spain seek to compel the government to allow them to secede.

Back 244

ETA (Basque political party)

Front 245

The __________ in Sri Lanka use bombings and guerilla warfare to try to achieve their goal of founding a separate state.

Back 245

Tamil Tigers

Front 246

This geographic region has become a training ground and source of terrorism.

Back 246

Middle East

Front 247

One of the powerful Islamic fundamentalist groups has this name, which means "the Base"

Back 247

al Qaeda

Front 248

He helped the warlords of Afghanistan drive the Soviets out of the country in the 1980s.

Back 248

Osama bin Laden

Front 249

By 2000, he was providing aid, training, and money to scattered terrorists groups from Morocco to Indonesia.

Back 249

Osama bin Laden

Front 250

This Islamic fundamentalist group in Afghanistan refused to turn over suspected terrorists to the United States after the September 11th attacks.

Back 250

Taliban

Front 251

After the September 11th attacks this governmental agency was formed to deal with aspects of the countries overall security.

Back 251

Department of Homeland Security

Front 252

In the past few years the U.S. and other European countries have tried to dissuade _____________ and ___________ from developing nuclear weapons.

Back 252

Iran and North Korea

Front 253

President George W. Bush declared that __________ was the best deterrent to terrorism and regional unrest.

Back 253

the spread of democracy

Front 254

________________ was encouraged by a lack of basic resources in many Arab nations.

Back 254

Islamic fundamentalism

Front 255

This Lebanese group was formed after Israel invaded Lebanon.

Back 255

Hezbollah

Front 256

This group used terrorist tactics to force Britain to give up Northern Ireland.

Back 256

Irish Republic Army (IRA)

Front 257

Since 1945, scientific research & technological developments have transformed ______.

Back 257

human life

Front 258

In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite _____.

Back 258

Sputnik

Front 259

Sputnik set off the ______.

Back 259

"space race"

Front 260

The U.S. landed the first human on the moon in _____ (year)

Back 260

1969

Front 261

During the Cold War both the U.S. & the U.S.S.R. explored the ____ uses of space.

Back 261

military

Front 262

Greatest example of the U.S., Russia and other nations working together in space exploration.

Back 262

International Space Station

Front 263

Replaced typewriters & account books in homes & offices.

Back 263

Personal computers

Front 264

Links computer systems world wide, allows people to communicate instantly & access vast amounts of information.

Back 264

internet

Front 265

Applies biological knowledge to industry, engineering and technology.

Back 265

biotechnology

Front 266

Help prevent the spread of disease.

Back 266

vaccines

Front 267

In the 1970s, surgeons learned to transplant _______.

Back 267

human organs

Front 268

Have made many types of surgery safer and more precise.

Back 268

lasers

Front 269

The manipulation, or changing of genetic material to produce a specific result.

Back 269

Genetic engineering

Front 270

Has produced new drugs to fight disease and created hardier strains of fruits & vegetables.

Back 270

Genetic research

Front 271

Process of creating identical organisms from the cell of a host organism.

Back 271

Genetic cloning

Front 272

Has raised ethical issues about how science should be used to change or create life.

Back 272

Genetic cloning