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167 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In U.S. History the decade of the 1920s stands out as a time of ________.
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rapid change
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Shattered a sense of optimism that had grown in the West since the Enlightenment.
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World War I
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Another name for the "Roaring Twenties."
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Jazz Age
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During the 1920s many young people who had been disillusioned by the war rejected the moral values of the __________.
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Victorian Age
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Symbol of the rebellious Jazz Age youth.
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flapper
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Nickname given to young women of the 1920s who defied convention and broke norms.
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flapper
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Though relatively few in number, in the 1920s they symbolized women's desire to break with the past.
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flappers
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During the 1920s many women felt freer to experiment with bolder _____.
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styles and manners
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The new morals and manners of the 1920s were reflected in women's ___.
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fashions
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In the 1920's, the status of women in the workplace changed _______.
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very little
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They did not feel comfortable voting, they could not leave their children and go to the poles, their families discouraged them from voting.
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reasons many women didn't vote when they first won the right
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Statistics that describe a population.
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demographics
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One group that suffered economically during the 1920s was the _______.
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farmers
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Because they were needed as laborers farm children were less likely to go to ______.
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high school
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In the 1920s jobs for African Americans in the South were ____.
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scarce and low paying
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Many southern factories refused to hire ________.
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African Americans
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African Americans migrated north in the early 1900s mainly because of an ___________.
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industrial boom
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During the 1920s, Congress acted to limit immigration especially from ____.
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Southern & Eastern Europe
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After immigration laws were tightened, many low-paying jobs went to immigrants from _________.
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Canada & Mexico
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Became a magnet for migrants from Mexico.
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Los Angeles
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A Spanish-speaking neighborhood.
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Barrio
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In the late 1800s enabled people to live in the suburbs and commute to the cities.
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trolleys
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In the 1920s, trolleys to the suburbs were largely replaced by ____.
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buses
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A major demographic shift of the 1920s was movement away from the urban areas to the ________.
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suburbs
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Many Americans became fascinated with heroes in the 1920s because they longed for symbols of __________.
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old-fashioned virtues
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In Charles Lindbergh and other heroes, Americans recognized the virtues of the _______.
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"good old days"
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One of the most popular heroes of the era was baseball star ___.
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Babe Ruth
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Native American Sports hero who won Olympic gold medals in the pentathlon and the decathlon and went on to play pro football.
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Jim Thorpe
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Became a national hero after flying nonstop from New York to Paris.
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Charles Lindbergh
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In 1932 she was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.
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Amelia Earhart
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The rapid development of the mass media during the 1920s promoted the creation of a __________.
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national culture
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The growth of radio and other mass media in the 1920s produced a _______.
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national culture
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In the late 1920 movies changed with the introduction of ____.
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sound
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The rise of films, radio broadcasting, and the news media all helped to bring about a ______
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national culture
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Methods of communicating information to large numbers of people.
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mass media
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Jazz was brought to northern cities by ________________.
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southern African Americans
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African Americans combined Western harmonies with African rhythms to create____.
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Jazz
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Clubs in the Harlem district of New York City were among the hottest places to listen to ________.
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jazz
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Name of the new dance popular with the flappers that embodied the spirit of the Jazz Age.
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Charleston
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One of the most celebrated jazz musicians of the 1920s was a pianist, composer, and bandleader.
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Duke Ellington
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Popular jazz trumpeter and singer who popularized a style known as "scat."
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Louis Armstrong
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Using the voice to replace words with nonsense syllables.
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"Scat"
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Name for the 1920s after a popular and influential form of music.
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Jazz Age
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Young adults in Europe and America in general, and writers in particular, who had become disillusioned with the world and Western values after World War I.
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the Lost Generation
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Was the term for expatriate writers who were repelled by American popular culture and society in the 1920s.
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Lost Generation
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Members of the Lost Generation left the ___________.
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country to live in Paris
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Small towns, the medical business, and dishonest ministers were all targets of novelist ___.
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Sinclair Lewis
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African American literacy movement of the 1920s.
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Harlem Renaissance
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Writers James Weldon Johnson and Zora Neale Hurston took part in a movement called the ____.
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Harlem Renaissance
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Harlem writer who gained fame for writing the novel "Their Eyes Were Watching God."
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Zora Neale Hurston
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Republican President elected in 1920, promised a "return to normalcy."
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Warren Harding
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The fact that many people opposed the freer lifestyle of the Jazz age was demonstrated by _______.
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Prohibition
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Outlawed the production and sale of alcohol in the U.S.
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Prohibition (18th Amendment)
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Suppliers of illegal alcohol during Prohibition.
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bootleggers
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Illegal bars that operated behind storefronts and pool rooms.
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speakeasies
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One result of Prohibition during the 1920s was the rise of ______.
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organized crime
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Engaging in an illegal business, usually a part of organized crime.
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racketeering
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Racketeering was one of the unforeseen results of _________.
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Prohibition
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Chicago gangster nicknamed "Scarface."
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Al Capone
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Al Capone who ran Chicago's largest organized crime gang in the 1920s evaded charges against him until he was finally convicted of _____.
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income-tax evasion
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A set of beliefs based on a literal interpretation of the Bible.
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Fundamentalism
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A set of beliefs held by religious traditionalists.
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fundamentalism
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In the 1920s, fundamentalist gained attention for their belief in a literal interpretation of the ____.
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Bible
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Some states banned the teaching of evolution in the schools because the theory seemed to contradict the ____.
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Biblical account of creation
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Case about the teaching of evolution in schools.
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Scopes trial
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John Scopes was encouraged to teach evolution in order to test the ________.
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constitutionality of laws against the teaching of evolution
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Supporter of free speech in the Scopes trial.
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Clarence Darrow
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Defense attorney in the Scopes trial.
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Clarence Darrow
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Took up the cause of fundamentalist Christians as the prosecuting attorney at the Scopes trial.
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William Jennings Bryan
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Trial over the legal right to teach evolution in schools.
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Scopes trial
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Group that lost some momentum as a result of the Scopes trial.
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fundamentalists
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Jamaican-born leader of movement promoting African American pride.
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Marcus Garvey
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Led a movement in the 1920s to build up African American self-respect and economic power.
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Marcus Garvey
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Marcus Garvey urged African Americans to return to _____.
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Africa
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Marcus Garvey was a black ______.
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nationalist
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In the summer of 1919, mob violence between white and black Americans erupted in about 25 cities.
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"Red Summer"
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The race riots in Chicago in 1919 were partially the result of overcrowded _____.
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neighborhoods
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African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants were the main targets in the 1920s of the newly revived _____.
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Ku Klux Klan
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Writer from the Harlem Renaissance perhaps most studied today. A poet, short story writer, journalist, and playwright whose career stretched into the 1960s. He spoke with a clear, strong voice about the joys and difficulties of being human, being American, and being black.
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Langston Hughes
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In the 1920s Americans were still strongly affected by their memory of _____
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World War I
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After World War I a harsh economic _____
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downturn had begun
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Emerging from the shadow of the war and putting the economy back on track became significant issues in the 1920_____.
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presidential race
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Harding's call for a return to "normalcy" helped him win the 1920 election over democrat _____.
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James Cox
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Russia's last absolute ruler, who was ousted from power in March of 1917.
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Czar Nicholas II
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Nicholas II was ousted by a spontaneous uprising which resulted in the creation of a democratic government, but since that government attempted to continue fighting WWI, it was quickly ousted by a second revolution led by _______.
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Vladimir Lenin
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Leader who made communism the official ideology of Russia and the Soviet Union.
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Vladimir Lenin
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An intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas in the U.S.
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Red Scare
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The first Red Scare was a response to the ______.
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Russian Revolution
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The government owns all the land and property. A single political party controls the government. The needs of the country always take priority over the rights of the individual. Wealth should be distributed equally not by competition.
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Communism
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Many Americans feared Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks because they promoted a system that was hostile to ___________.
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American values
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Americans feared communists because they were openly hostile to _____________.
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American values
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Americans were alarmed by Russia's intention to spread communism to _____.
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other countries
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The Red Scare encouraged a revival of nativist feeling or fear of _____.
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immigrants
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Supreme Court Case in which Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said the government is justified in silencing free speech when there is a "clear and present danger."
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Schenk v. United States
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In the case of Schenk v. United States the Supreme court declared that the government was justified in silencing free speech when there was a _________.
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clear and present danger
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Affirmed that the Fourteenth Amendment protected civil rights against the restriction by state governments. Nationalized the Bill of Rights.
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Gitlow v. New York
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Attorney general who set up a special task force to conduct raids and arrest suspected "subversives."
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A. Mitchell Palmer
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The Palmer raids were organized to root out groups whose activities posed a clear ________________.
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danger to the country
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Immigrants whose murder conviction provoked controversy.
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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Many Americans believed that Sacco and Vanzetti were executed because they were _____________.
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immigrants with radical beliefs during the Red Scare
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Labor unrest grew in the US after WWI because of the significant rise in the _______________.
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cost of living
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Many Americans believed they were behind the labor strikes of 1919.
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communists
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Strikes had declined in 1920 because they were not supported by the government, the economic downturn had reduced the number of workers, and the economic boom which followed it reduced the incentive to ____.
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strike
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After World War I President Harding called for a return to "__________."
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normalcy
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Isolationism and laissez-faire business policy were both key features of the ______.
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Republican administrations of the 20s
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Harding and Coolidge both based their foreign policies on a return to _____________.
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isolationism
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the policy of avoiding political or economic alliances with foreign countries.
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Isolationism
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Hurt both U.S. Industry and European nations that had to pay back war debts by raising import taxes to very high levels.
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Fordney-McCumber Tariff
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Helped save the German economy following World War I, provided Germany with large loans from American banks. (1924)
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Dawes Plan
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As Americans became more isolationist they also became more _____.
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nativist
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Nativist reacted to the sharp rise in immigration following World War I with calls for limiting ______.
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immigration
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Responding to the nativist demands and presidential pressure in the 1920s Congress began to pass laws which severely limited ______.
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immigration
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Reduced the annual quota of immigrants from a country to 2 percent of the number of people from that country living in the US based on the 1890 census.
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National Origins Act
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A numerical limit.
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quota
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Reduced the number of people who could enter the United States in 1924.
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National Origins Act
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The National Origins Act and the quota system especially limited immigration from _______.
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Southern and Eastern Europe
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Even though there is no evidence that Harding himself was involved in the scandals his administration was characterized by _____.
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corruption
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When Harding's Secretary of the interior gave oil drilling rights to two private companies in exchange for illegal payments.
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Teapot Dome scandal
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Scandal that tarnished the reputation of the Harding administration.
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Teapot Dome
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Republican Presidents of the 1920s generally favored _______. (segment of the economy)
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business
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Business policy supported by Calvin Coolidge
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laissez faire
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"Silent" Republican President who opposed government interference in American business.
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Calvin Coolidge
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According to Calvin Coolidge "the business, of the American people is _____________________."
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business
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Under the Kellogg-Briand Pact, 15 nations agreed not to use the threat of _____________.
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war
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15 nations agreed not to threaten each other with war in their joint dealings.
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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Prohibitionist Republican candidate in the election of 1928.
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Herbert Hoover
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Democratic candidate in the election of 1928.
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Alfred E. Smith
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President who easily won the 1928 election expecting that Americans would continue to prosper.
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Herbert Hoover
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The 1920s saw a shift from an economy that buys what it needs to one that buys what it _________.
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wants
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During the 1920s the United States became a __________ economy.
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consumer
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A consumer economy depends on a large amount of ____________.
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spending
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The economy grew in the 1920s partly because consumers began to buy goods on _____.
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credit
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In the 1920s, many American consumers began to adopt the practice of buying goods on ____.
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credit
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The growth of a consumer economy in America in the 1920s was fueled by _________. (type of credit)
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installment plans or installment buying
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The consumer makes partial payments at set intervals over a period of time until the debt is paid.
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installment plans or installment buying
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Installment plans and credit encouraged Americans to spend beyond their _____.
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means
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Advertisements in the 1920s changed from an emphasis on quality to an emphasis on ______.
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consumer image
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Advertisements in the 1920s appealed to such emotions as ______.
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insecurity & fear
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Electric power, persuasive advertising, and the installment plan all helped consumers go on a _______ in the 1920s.
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buying spree
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The consumer economy could not have developed as rapidly as it did without an increased volume of _________.
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goods to buy
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New resources, new management methods, and new technologies in the 1920s all increased worker _______________.
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productivity
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A workers level of output over a given period.
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productivity
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Republican laissez-faire policies were a part of the reason for the 1920s success of ___.
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business
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The total value of goods and services a country produces annually.
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Gross National Product
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New roads were built in response to the boom in the ________.
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automotive industry
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His dream was to sell cars that ordinary people could afford.
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Henry Ford
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Ford did not invent the assembly line but he made it more _____.
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efficient
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Made it possible for Henry Ford to produce cars quickly and cheaply.
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assembly line
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Businessman and inventor who developed and mass-produced automobiles.
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Henry Ford
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Industry that did the most to boost other industries in the 1920s.
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automobile making
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Part of Ford success came from the fact that he owned or controlled so many of the steps in production or what is called ___________.
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vertical consolidation
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Process of gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product's development.
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vertical consolidation
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Motels and gas stations were new businesses that rose as a result of the increase in _________.
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automobiles
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In 1929 when he took office most Americans expected prosperity to continue.
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Herbert Hoover
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Bruce Barton's "The Man Nobody Knows" written in 1925 portrayed what man as a managerial genius?
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Jesus
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John J. Raskob a corporate leader wrote an article entitled "Everybody Ought to be _____."
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rich
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Offering workers higher wages and some benefits.
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Welfare capitalism
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Helped satisfy workers and resulted in organized labor losing members in the 1920s.
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Welfare capitalism
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During the 1920s stock prices were _________.
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rising
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Because Hoover had confidence in the business world he did not discourage the wild buying of stocks with _________________.
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borrowed money
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Paying part of a stock's price and borrowing the rest.
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buying on the margin
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Practices such as buying on the margin reflected the 1920s American attitude of _____.
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"get-rich-quick"
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Consumer's desire for exciting new products led to an increase in _____________.
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personal debt
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The practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of a huge return.
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speculation
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The 1920s rise in the stock market mainly benefited the _.
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rich
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Despite the prosperity of the 1920s, life remained hard for many ___________. (2 groups)
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farmers and factory workers
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Uneven prosperity, personal debt, overproduction and stock market speculation were all signs of an _____.
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unsound economy
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