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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two main types of stroke |
Ischemia due to occlusion = 85% Hemprrhage due to rupture = 15% |
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Ischemic stroke causes |
Thrombosis in one of the cerebral arteries --> ischemia Embolism trapped in cerebral areteries --> ischemia |
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Ischemic stroke mechanism |
3 mechanisms to thrombosis or embolism 1. atherosclerosis 2. Irregular heartbeat/ heart attack/ heartvalve abnomaliries 3. Drugs/ traumatic neck injury/ blood clotting disorders |
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Hemorrhagic stroke characteristics |
either intracerebral hemorrhage within brain OR subarachnoid hemorrhage in meninges between cerebrum and skull |
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Mechanisms of hemorrhagic stroke |
Possible causes of hemorrhage 1. hypertension --> intracerebral hemorrhage 2. dilation in artery = cerebral aneurysms 3. trauma, infection, tumor, clotting defficiency |
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Most common sites of cerebral aneurysms |
Circle of willis at the base of the brain 1. anterior communicating artery 2. Middle cerebral artery 3. posterior communicating artery |
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Effect of stroke in right brain |
act more impulsively |
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Effect of stroke in left brain |
speech and language deficits behave more cautiously, slower than normal |
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Ischemia-induced cell death pathway |
ischemia = low glucose low oxygen leads to anaerobic glycolysis --> lactic acid --> cells depolarize and release glutamate glutamate = edema, xs calcium --> neuron injury |
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Role of glutamate in ischemia induced cell death |
ATP depletion = lactic acid release = depolarization = glutamate release glutamate stimulates NMDA and AMPA receptors leading to high intracellular calcium that leads to cell death |
