Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Fermentation vs. Respiration |
Differ in the mech of ATP Synthesis Fermentation: ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation (Phosphate goes form substrate-> ADP) Respiration: ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation (Phosphate added to ADP) |
|
|
What is glycolysis? |
the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate can be reduced to create fermentation products or can be fed into the TCA cycle |
|
|
Big picture of Glycolysis Stage 1 & 2 & 3 |
Stage 1: uses 2 ATP/ glucose has no redox rxns Stage 2: makes 4 ATP/ glucose & converts 2 NAD+ --> 2 NADH ----if respiration possible, pyruvate enters TCA cycle--- Stage 3: NAD+ regenerated // fermentation products made |
|
|
Why is glycolysis energy production low? |
low because glucose is partially oxidized & NAD+ is regenerated during forming of fermentation products instead of having NADH donate e- |
|
|
What is the Pasteur effect? |
inhibiting effect of oxygen on the fermentation process (ie inhibiting alcohol production) leads to reduction in rate of glucose consumption |
|
|
What's so cool about respiration? |
- It is fully oxidized to CO2 using the TCA cycle for every glucose molecule, 8 NADH, 2 FADH and 2 ATP are made - Theoretical max of ATP = 38 ATP per glucose molecule - Proton gradient generated to drive ATP production |
|
|
What is an ETC? |
Electron Transport Chain series of e- donor/ e- acceptor molecules that end in a terminal e- acceptor |
|
|
How do ETCs help make ATP? |
1. e- transfers in the chain make enough E to pump e- across CM to outside of cell 2. CM gets charged 3. When e- come back into cytoplasm, they go down gradient and release energy to do work as they're falling, powering ATP synthesis. |
|
|
What is a proton gradient? |
a source of energy gained from the e- falling down the ETC concen. gradient |
|
|
What are the e- carriers in respiration? |
NAD+/ NADH carry H atoms--> Can donate cells to an ETC FMN = intermediate e- carrier // Carries H atoms |
|
|
What do cytochrome proteins do? |
Contain covalently bound heme cofactors Heme= e- ONLY carrier |
|
|
What do iron sulfur clusters do? |
covalently bound to ETC via Cys residues e- only carriers |
|
|
What do Quinone molecules do? |
- Mobile hydrophobic e- carriers that diffuse in the CM - Interact with different donor and acceptor complexes * In reduced state, carries 2e- and 2 H+ important for generating a PMF |
