Mcat Biochemistry

Front 1

Gibbs Free Energy Equation

Back 1

∆G = ∆H - T∆S

Front 2

Enthalpy equation

Back 2

∆H = ∆E - P∆V

Front 3

(free energy) If ∆H rises, ∆G ______

Back 3

rises

Front 4

(free energy) If ∆S rises, ∆G ______

Back 4

falls

Front 5

For spontaneous rxn, ∆G _ 0

Back 5

less than (<)

Front 6

For nonspontaneous rxn, ∆G _ 0

Back 6

greater than (>)

Front 7

For equilibrium, ∆G _ 0

Back 7

equals (=)

Front 8

∆H < 0

Back 8

exothermic; heat released

Front 9

∆H > 0

Back 9

Endothermic; heat input needed

Front 10

_ determines if a rxn proceeds

Back 10

G (free energy)

Front 11

Physiological free energy equilibrium equation

Back 11

∆G°' = -RTlnK'(eq)

Front 12

If K'(eq) = 1, then ∆G°' = _

Back 12

0, ln(1) = 0

Front 13

If Eₐ falls, rxn rate _

Back 13

increases

Front 14

∆G for rxn in body equation

Back 14

Front 15

Q in body free energy equation

Back 15

Front 16

Does "spontaneous describe rxn rate or rxn favorability?

Back 16

favorability

Front 17

Does a catalyst change ∆G?

Back 17

No, only lowers Eₐ

Front 18

Oxidation is _ of e-, _ of O, _ of H

Back 18

loss of e-, gain of O, loss of H

Front 19

Reduction is _ of e-, _ of O, _ of H

Back 19

gain of e-, loss of O, gain of H

Front 20

"Breaking down" molecules

Back 20

Catabolism

Front 21

"Building up" molecules

Back 21

Anabolism

Front 22

Bronsted-Lowry acid/base definition

Back 22

Acids are H+ donors

Bases are H+ acceptors

Front 23

Lewis acid/base definition

Back 23

Acids are e- pair acceptorsBases are e- pair donors

Front 24

Standard acid/base rxn

Back 24

Front 25

Base dissociation constant equation

Back 25

Front 26

Acid dissociation constant equation

Back 26

Front 27

Higher Ka means _ acid

Back 27

stronger

Front 28

Higher Kb means _ base

Back 28

stronger

Front 29

_ substance acts as both an acid and a base

Back 29

Amphoteric

Front 30

Are amino acids amphoteric?

Back 30

Yes

Front 31

pH equation

Back 31

Front 32

pOH equation

Back 32

Front 33

When pH<7, [H+] is _; solution is _

Back 33

[H+] is greater than 10⁻⁷M

solution is acidic

Front 34

When pH>7, [H+] is _; solution is _

Back 34

[H+] is less than 10⁻⁷Msolution is basic

Front 35

When pH=7, [H+] is _; solution is _

Back 35

[H+] is 10⁻⁷Msolution is neutral

Front 36

Relationship between pH and pOH

Back 36

Front 37

pKₐ equation

Back 37

Front 38

Lower pKₐ, _ acid

Back 38

stronger

Front 39

What does a buffer solution do?

Back 39

Resist pH change

Front 40

Which amino acids are modified by a kinase? What does a kinase do to them?

Back 40

Serine, threonine and tyrosine; adds a phosphate group in place of hydroxyl group

Front 41

What are the 9 essential amino acids? How do adult humans obtain them?

Back 41

K, H, T, V, L, I, F, W, M; obtained from diet