Matter Unit 2 Vocabulary

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Solid

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firm and stable in shape; unlike a liquid or fluid

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Liquid

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Having a consistency like that of water or oil, flowing freely but of constant volume

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Gas

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An airlike fluid substance which expands freely to fill any space available, irrespective of its quantity

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Matter

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A Thing which occupies space and possesses mass, especially as distinct from energy

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Atom

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The basic unit of chemical element

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Pysical Properties

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A physical property is any property that measurable whose value dsecripes a state of a physical system

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Chemical Properties

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A property or characteristic of a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical compostition or identity of the substance is changed

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Luster

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A gentle sheen or soft glow, especially that of a partly reflective surface

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Malleability

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Is the quality of something that can be shaped into something else without breaking it

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Mass

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A coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape

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Characteristic Properties

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Typical of a particular person, place or thing

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Boiling Point

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The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapor

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Melting Point

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The temperature at which a given soild will melt

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Flammablitity

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Is the ability of a substance to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.

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Oxidation

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The process or result of oxidizing or being oxidized

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pH

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Is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basic

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Chemical Reaction

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A process that involves rerrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction

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Magnetism

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A physical phenomenon produced by the motion of electric change, resulting in attractive and repulsive force between objects

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Hardness

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The quality or condition of being hard

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Texture

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The feel, apperance, or consistency of a surface or a substance

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Subatomic

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Smaller than or occuring within an atom

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Nucleus

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The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth

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Orbital Shell

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Electrons are constantly spinning in those atmoic shells and those shells, or orbitals are specific distances from the nucleus

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Valence Shell

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The outermost shell of an atom. It is usually said the electrons in this shell make up its valence electrons, but they determine how the atoms behaves.

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Proton

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A stable subatomic particle occuring in all atmoic nuclei, with a positivie electric charge

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Neutron

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Subatomic particle, symbol n or n0 with no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton

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Electron

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A stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary arrier of electrity in solids

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Atomic Bond

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Is an attraction between atoms that allows the frormation of chemical substances thatt contain two or more atoms.

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Covalent Bond

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Is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron paris between atomes.

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Ionic Bond

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Is a type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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Hydrogen Bond

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A hydrogen bond is the elecrosatic attraction between polar molecules when a hydrogen atom bound to a highly electronegative atom such as a nitrogen, oxygen,ect.

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Exothermic

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Accopmpanied by the release of heat

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Endothermic

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Accompanied by or requiring the absoption of heat

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Precipitate

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Usually means brining something on or making it happen and not aloways in a good way.

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Catalyst

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a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

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Reactant

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Is a substance that changes in a chemical reaction. Vinegar and baking soda are reactents

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Product

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Result of recombination of atoms are called products of the reaction

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Chemical Formulae

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A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about protortions of atoms

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Law of Superposition

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It states that in sequrnces the oldest strata will be on the bottom

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Deposition

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Is the geoloical process in which sediment, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass

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Starta

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Is a layor of sedimantary rock or soil with a sertint charateristics

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Lithosphere

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The lithosphere is the solid outer section of Earth, which includes Earth's crust which is like the "skin" of rock on the outer layer of planet Earth

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Tectonic Plates

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Tectonic Plates consist of massive slabs of rockes which are consitently moving and coliding cause masive monuntains or deep treches

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Divergent Boundary

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A divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary

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Convergent Boundaries

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A convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary, is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide.

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Transform Boundary

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A transform fault or transform boundary, also known as conservative plate boundary since these faults neither create nor destroy lithosphere.

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Convection Current

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A current in a fluid that is created from convection.

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Pangea

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Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 300 million years ago, and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago.

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Theory of Continental Drift

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In 1915, The theory of Continental Drift was theorised. Which states that parts of the Earth's crust slowly drift on a liquid core. The fossil record supports and gives credence to the theories of continental drift and plate tectonics.

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Faults

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Dip-slip faults can occur either as reverse or as normal faults. A normal fault occurs when the crust is extended.

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Dip-Slip Fault

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Dip-slip faults are inclined fractures where the blocks have mostly shifted vertically.

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Strike-Slip Faults

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Strike-slip faults are vertical fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally.

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Phenotype

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A organism's observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type etc.

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Allele

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Is a variant form of a gene.

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Diversity

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A state of being diverse; variety.

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Frequency

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The rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample.

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Homologous

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having the same relation, relative position, or structure, in particular.

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Analogous

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comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of the things compared.

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Taxonomy

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the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics.

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Archaea

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microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but very different in molecular organization.

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Bacteria

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a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus

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Kingdom

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The highest classification into which living organisms are grouped into.

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Offspring

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an animal's young.

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Theory

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a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something.

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Law

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A scientific law is a statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspects of the universe.

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Ecosystems

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An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with each other and with their environment such that energy is exchanged and system-level processes, such as the cycling of elements, emerge.

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Biotic

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of, relating to, or resulting from living things, especially in their ecological relations."the preservation of biotic diversity"

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Abiotic

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physical rather than biological; not derived from living organisms.

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Biosphere

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the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.

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Hierchal

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Heterotrophic

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Autotrophs

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P0pulation

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Comunities

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Population Density

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Density dependent factors

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Density independent factors

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h

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Law of Conservation of Energy

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aa

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Food Chain

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a

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Trophic Level

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aa

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Producers

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a

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Primary Consumers

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a

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Secondary Consumers

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a

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Consumers

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a

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Carnivores

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a

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Omnivores

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a

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Decomposer

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a

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Food Web

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a

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Ecological Pyramid

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a

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Number Pyramid

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a

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Biomass Pyramid

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a

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Virus

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A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.[1]

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Vaccine

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vaccine is a biological preparation that provides activeacquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing micro-organism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins are one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these micro-organisms that it later encounters. Vaccines can be prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural

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Anti-Viral

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Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections. Like antibiotics and broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacteria, most antivirals are used for specific viral

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Parasite

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an organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense.

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Prokaryote

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A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus (karyon), mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. The wordprokaryote comes from the Greek πρό (pro) "before" and καρυόν (karyon) "nut or kernel". Prokaryotescan be divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria.

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Eukaryote

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A eukaryote is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes belong to the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota.

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Protist

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Protists are the members of an informal grouping of diverse eukaryotic organisms that are not animals, plants or fungi. They do not form a natural group, or clade, but are often grouped together for convenience, like algae or invertebrates.

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Epidemic

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a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time."a flu epidemic"

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Pandemic

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is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic.

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Vector

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an organism, often an invertebrate arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from reservoir to host

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Fungi

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A fungus is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as multicellular fungi that produce familiar fruiting forms known as mushrooms

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Protein Coat

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All viruses contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (but not both), and a protein coat, which encases the nucleic acid

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Tail Fiber

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Viral fibrous protein part of the virion fiber, which is a thin long rod like structure, unique or multiple, appended to the tail of prokaryotic viruses and used for attachment to the host cell. Shorter appendages are called tail spikes (e.g. Podoviridae) or whiskers

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Flagella

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A flagellum is a whip-like structure that allows a cell to move. They are found in all three domains of the living world: bacteria, archaea, and eukaryota, also known as protists, plants, animals, and fungi. While all three types of flagella are used for locomotion, they are structurally very different.

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Cilia

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A cilium (Latin for eyelash; the plural is cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are thick protuberances that project from the much larger cell body. There are two types of cilia: motile cili

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Mitosis

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Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, and each set ends up in its own nucleus.

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Meiosis

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Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females.

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Biotechnology

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Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).

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Binar Vision

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Binary fission ("division in half") is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes and occurs in some single-celled eukaryotes. After replicating its genetic material, the cell divides into two nearly equal sized daughter cells.

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Virion

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A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced to produce many thousands of identical copies of the original virus, at an extraordinary rate.