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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ecosystem
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all the living things and nonliving things in a given area
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biotic factors
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the living things in an ecosystem
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Abiotic factors
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the nonliving things in an ecosystem
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Climate
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average weather conditions in an area over time
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List the nonliving parts of an ecosystem
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Sun, Climate, Temperature, Water, Atmosphere, Soil
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Atmosphere
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the layer of gases that surrounds Earth
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List two abiotic factors affected by the sun
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climate and temperature
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What percent of the earth's surface is covered by water?
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about 70%
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What are the three processes involved in the water cycle?
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evaportation, condensation, and precipitation
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Evaporation
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the process during which liquid water changes into a gas called water vapor
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What three factors affect how quickly water evaporates?
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temperature, humidity and wind
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Transpiration
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the release of water vapor from the leaves and stems of plants
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Water is a by-product of the process that releases energy in cells, what is that process?
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Cellular respiration
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condensation
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the process during which water vapor changes into liquid water
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precipitation
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water that falls from clouds to Earth's surface
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List forms of precipitation
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rain, snow, sleet or hail
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Why is nitrogen so important to living things?
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It is essential to proteins and an important part of DNA
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nitrogen fixation
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the process that changes atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that are usable by living things
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What are two ways nitrogen returns to the enviroment from organisms?
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bacteria decomposing dead organisms, waste products
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What atmospheric activity converts nitrogen gas to nitrogen compounds?
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Lightning
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What is the primary source of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere?
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photosynthesis
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Humans take in ______________ and release ___________ ___________.
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Oxygen, carbon dioxide
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List 4 compounds in the human body that contain carbon.
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proteins, sugars, fats, DNA
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What conditions were necessary for the formation of fossil fuels?
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pressure, high temperatures, and bacteria
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Where do organisms get their carbon from?
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food, atmosphere, or bodies of water
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What form does carbon take in the atmosphere?
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carbon dioxide
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What do photosynthetic organisms produce using carbon dioxide and water?
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Energy-rich sugars
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What are the by-products of energy releasing cellular respiration?
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Carbon dioxide and water
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greenhouse effect
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gases in the atmosphere that absorb thermal energy from the Sun and keeps Earth warm
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The main source of energy for most life on earth.
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Sun
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change form
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law of conservation of energy
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Does energy flow in cycles like matter or in only one direction?
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energy flows in only one direction
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photosynthesis
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a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water and carbon dioxideinto the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen
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Chemosynthesis
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the process during which producers use chemical energy in matter rather than light energy and make food
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producers
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make their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
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consumers
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get the energy they need to survive by consuming other organisms
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herbivores
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feed only on producers
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carnivores
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eat other animals
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omnivores
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eat both producers and other consumers
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detritivores
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eat the remains of other organisms
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food chain
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a model that shows how energy flows in an ecosystem through feeding relationships
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food web
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a model of energy transfer that shows how food chains in a community are interconnected
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energy pyramid
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shows the amount of energy available in each step of a food chain
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trophic level
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the steps of a energy pyramid
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What percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next level?
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About 10%
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