Material And Processes For Ndt

Front 1

What is metal?

Back 1

A pure chemical element

Front 2

What is a alloy?

Back 2

A combination of materials in the predominant one which is a metal

Front 3

What are metals?

Back 3

a material having plasticity, hardness, strength, electrical, thermal conductivity and crystalline when solid and opaque.

Front 4

What is failure fracture?

Back 4

when a component has separated into 2 peices

Front 5

Progressive fracture?

Back 5

failure occurs at the weakest link and transferred to the next link.

Front 6

What are the characteristics of dynamic loading?

Back 6

temperature, "brittle" characteristics, pressure, corrosive environments, vibration/age hardening/improper maintenance.

Front 7

What is creep?

Back 7

A time dependant strain of solids cause by stress

Front 8

What is a discontinuity?

Back 8

a change in laminar flow or physical structure of the part which may or may not render the part unservicable

Front 9

What is OEM stand for?

Back 9

Original Equipment Manufacturer

Front 10

What is a defect?

Back 10

a interruption in the normal flow of the part which deems the part unservicable

Front 11

What is joining?

Back 11

the process of combining small localized liquid areas that are allowed to solidify results in one solid part (to grow crystal)

Front 12

What are chemical properties?

Back 12

the materials chemical property identifications that materials atomic reaction when in contact with another material.

Front 13

What is the corrosion?

Back 13

gradual destructive of metal/alloy due to the chemical processes such as oxidation

Front 14

What is density?

Back 14

mass per unit of volume

Front 15

What is matter?

Back 15

substance in which a physical object is composed. Anything made of atoms.

Front 16

What is cohesive strength?

Back 16

the relationship of atomic attraction to one another

Front 17

Describe hydrogen flakes appearance?

Back 17

extremely thin and bright silver in appearance

Front 18

Investment casting

Back 18

process is a perisision coating process and is also known as the "lost wax process"

Front 19

What is pattern?

Back 19

form a cavity or proper shape and size in the sand

Front 20

What are chaplets?

Back 20

are used to overcome shifting movements of the core during pouring of the molten liquid

Front 21

What is a flask?

Back 21

a solid structure that contains the sand

Front 22

What are the 3 types of gates in casting?

Back 22

knife gate, horseshoe gate, multiple in-gate with tapered runners

Front 23

What are chills?

Back 23

aid in directional solidification by offering a starting point for nucleation " heat absorbing devices"

Front 24

What is a blow hole?

Back 24

a pocket of air or gas formed in a metal during solidification

Front 25

Risers are intended to?

Back 25

- replace liquid metal when contraction occurs during the solidification.

-promote good directional solidification

Front 26

Misrun

Back 26

incompletely formed casting due to premature solidification or metal before mold is filled

Front 27

What are the two types of casting cores?

Back 27

permanent and lost and come in a variety metals and non metals

Front 28

What is progressive solidification?

Back 28

the freezing of the liquids metal from the outside edge of the cast towards center

Front 29

What is directional solidification?

Back 29

the freezing of the liquid metal from one end of the cast towards the other end

Front 30

What are cold shots?

Back 30

intensely hard globular portions of surface of a ingot or casting formed by premature solidification upon first contact with the cold sand pouring

Front 31

What is a cold shot?

Back 31

a surface defect of a metal casting in the form or a discontinuity where two streams failed to unite

Front 32

What is the pouring basin?

Back 32

the initial opening used when transferring molten metal from ladle to the mold

Front 33

What is the sprue?

Back 33

a feed opening or vertical channel where molten metal is fed

Front 34

What are the runners?

Back 34

the channel (usually round) that connects the sprue with the gate system

Front 35

What is the feed head?

Back 35

a reservoir of molten metal that is left above a casting order to supply additional metal as the casting solidifies and shrinks

Front 36

What are the gates (in-gates)?

Back 36

the openings to a casting mold through which molten metal enters the cavity

Front 37

What are eutectic metals?

Back 37

eutectics are alloyed metals, but freeze at a temp that is lower than the freezing point that of the individual element within that alloy

Front 38

What is segregation?

Back 38

the non uniform distribution of alloying element, impurities or micro phases resulting in localized concentrations

Front 39

What is super heat?

Back 39

to heat excessively or over heat. To heat above its boiling point without causing vaporizing in a liquid metal

Front 40

What is shrinkage?

Back 40

is discontinuity which occurs within a cast metal during the process of solidification

Front 41

What is a metal casting?

Back 41

pouring a liquid metal into a mold and allowing that metal to solidify into a desired shape

Front 42

What is a mold?

Back 42

a cavity which imports its form to a fluid or a malleable substance

Front 43

What is the pattern referred to in casting?

Back 43

a form designed and used as a model. the pattern represents the finished product

Front 44

What is brass composed of?

Back 44

Copper and Zinc 5% to 40% zinc

Front 45

What is bronze composed of?

Back 45

Copper and Tin 5% to 22% tin

Front 46

What is isotropic?

Back 46

having tendency for equal growth and identical properties in all directions

Front 47

What are the classes of steel?

Back 47

carbon, alloy, stainless, tool and special steel

Front 48

What are the 3 types of stainless steel?

Back 48

martensitic, ferritic and austenitic

Front 49

Name 5 types furnaces?

Back 49

open hearth furnace, Bessemer converter, electric arc, basic oxygen and induction

Front 50

What is purpose of coke in the furnace?

Back 50

burns of o2 allowing metal to sink to the bottom of the furnace

Front 51

What is the purpose of limestone in the furnace?

Back 51

aid in the formation of slag - impurities float to the surface of the melt for extraction

Front 52

What is pig (ingot)?

Back 52

a crude casting convenient for transport, storage and smelting

Front 53

What is pig iron?

Back 53

refers to the composition of the mold tapped from the blast whether in liquid or solid state

Front 54

What 3 classes does carbon steel come in?

Back 54

low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel

Front 55

What is tempering?

Back 55

heat treatment of hardened steels to temp below the transformation temp range usually to improve toughness

Front 56

What are the advantages of tempering?

Back 56

stress relief, soften and provide a more ductile metal

Front 57

What are the 4 methods of heat treating?

Back 57

austentizing, annealing, normalizing and spheroidizing

Front 58

What is the critical temp?

Back 58

the temperature 912 degrees Celsius at which a change in crystal structure phase of physical properties

Front 59

What is the purpose of heat treating?

Back 59

to put metal into a state equilibrium

Front 60

Changing the properties of steel can be accomplished by?

Back 60

cold working, precipitation/hardening/age hardening/solution hardening, allotropic changes

Front 61

What is Austenitization?

Back 61

when iron is heated above the crucial temperature to refine grain structure and create new unstrained grain

Front 62

What is normalizing?

Back 62

heating a ferrous alloy to a suitable temperature above the transformation range and then cool in air to a temperature well below the transformation range

Front 63

What is annealing?

Back 63

consist of raising a material to a certain temperature for a predetermined time, holding it at specific heat and cooling it back to a specific temperature

Front 64

What is cementite?

Back 64

a compound of iron + carbon called iron carbide

Front 65

What is pearlite?

Back 65

a crystalline structure of ferrite and cementite

Front 66

What is ferrite?

Back 66

a solid solution of one or more elements in a body centered cubic iron

Front 67

What is spheroidizing?

Back 67

used to produce a steel of minimum hardness and maximum ductility.

- forms small nodules of iron carbide (cementite) in a ferrite matrix

Front 68

What is austempering?

Back 68

is used to develop bainite

Front 69

What is bainite?

Back 69

an aggregate of ferrite and cementite

Front 70

What are 3 main ways of hardening steel?

Back 70

austenitization, fast cooling followed by austempering

Front 71

What is martensite?

Back 71

most of the heat treating hardening process is to form martensite

-a distinctive needle like structure

-martensite is magnetic

Front 72

What is the carbon percentage of low carbon steel?

Back 72

.06% to .25% carbon

Front 73

What is the carbon percentage of medium carbon steel?

Back 73

.25% to.50% carbon

Front 74

What is the carbon percentage of high carbon steel?

Back 74

.50% to 1.6% carbon

Front 75

What are the 3 basic types of stress?

Back 75

normal or tensile stress, shear stress and bending stress