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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In looking at corporate relationships, we need to determine how a corporation reacts to specific internal and external challenges and opportunities. In general, the code with which moral principles and values govern the organization is called:
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ethics
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Human action falls into three domains. What are they?
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codified law, free choice, and ethics
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A new drug has not been approved by the FDA to sell in the US because further testing is needed. The company has a chance to sell its product in another country immediately to start recovering its research and development costs now instead of waiting three years. This example places the decision in which of the categories from the text?
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the ethical domain
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Roberta is the manager of a boutique. She has found that her customers love the smell of designer perfumes but do not like their high costs. She has been approached by a salesperson from Kecofa BA, a Dutch company that makes knockoff perfumes that smell like the designer ones but are much cheaper. She knows that the knockoff perfumes rob the designer companies of money they have rightfully earned, yet she wants to keep her customers happy. This is an example of a(n):
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ethical dilemma
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The four types of normative strategies managers use when making ethical decisions are:
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utilitarian, individualism, moral rights, and justice.
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The ethical concept that moral behaviors produce the greatest good for the greatest number is called the ____ approach.
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utilitarian
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The ____ approach contends that acts are moral when they promote an individual's best long-term interests.
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individualism
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The ____ approach asserts that human beings have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by an individual's decision.
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moral-rights
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____ justice requires that rules be administered fairly. Rules should be clearly stated and be consistently and impartially enforced.
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Procedural
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At the ____ level, individuals are concerned with external rewards and punishment and obey authority to avoid detrimental personal consequences.
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preconventional
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____ specify future ends and ____ specify today's means.
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goals;plans
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A desired future state that an organization attempts to realize is called a(n):
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goals
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____ is (are) primarily concerned with tactical goals and plans.
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middle management
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Which of these is primarily responsible for strategic goals and plans?
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senior management
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Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of effective goal setting?
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set for every aspect of employee behavior
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What is the appropriate sequence of the MBO activities?
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set goals, develop action plans, review progress, and appraise overall performance
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Single-use plans are:
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plans that are developed to achieve a set of goals that are unlikely to be repeated in the future
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Standing plans are:
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plans that are used to provide guidance for tasks performed repeatedly within the organization
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Contingency plans are:
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plans that define company responses to specific situations, such as emergencies or setbacks
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____ are characteristics of the external environment that have the potential to help the organization achieve or exceed its strategic goals.
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Advantages
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____ decisions are made in response to recurring organizational problems.
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Programmed
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____ decisions usually involve situations that are unique and often poorly defined.
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Nonprogrammed
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____ means that a decision has clear-cut objectives and that good information is available, but the future outcomes associated with each alternative are subject to chance.
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risk
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A decision is least likely to fail when it is made under the condition of:
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certainty
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____ means that the goals to be achieved or the problem to be solved are unclear, alternatives are difficult to define, and information about outcomes is unavailable.
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ambiguity
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The concept that people have the time and cognitive ability to process only a limited amount of information on which to base decisions is known as:
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bounded rationality
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Managers who decide to choose the first solution available are engaged in:
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satisficing
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The process of forming alliances among managers during the decision-making process is known as:
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coalition building
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The ____ model closely resembles the real environment in which most managers and decision makers operate.
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political model
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____ is the last step in the decision making process.
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evaluation and feedback
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The average span of control used in an organization determines whether the organization is tall or flat. The ____ structure has an overall narrow span and more hierarchical levels.
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tall
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A ____ structure has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed, and has fewer hierarchical levels.
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wide
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____ is appropriate for organizations that use the strategy of empowerment so they can quickly satisfy the needs of their customers.
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decentralization
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Which of these is the radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, service, and speed?
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reengineering
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The owner of Sugar Maple, Inc., a manufacturer of wooden kitchen bowls, spoons, and cutting boards wishes to transfer more authority and responsibility to his subordinates. This process is known as:
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delegation
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The organization chart:
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shows the characteristics of the organization's vertical structure.
creates a means of determining if the organization violates the chain of command principle. does all of these. is a visual representation of the organization's structure. details the formal reporting relationships that exist within an organization. |
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Chelsey works for a small Wisconsin firm that makes gingerbread house kits. Because it is such a small company with a seasonal product, low work specialization is the rule. As a result, Chelsey:
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performs a variety of tasks and activities.
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A fundamental principle about work and how workers can perform it states that it can be performed more efficiently if workers are allowed to:
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specialize
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Despite the advantages of specialization, many organizations are moving away from the principle. Many companies are ____ jobs to provide greater challenges and are even assigning teams to tasks so employees can rotate among several jobs performed by the team.
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enlarging
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____ is the formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions.
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authority
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A(n) ____ is a person who sees the need for and fights for productive change in an organization.
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idea champion
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____ change refers to a change in employees' values, norms, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior.
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culture/people
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Organization development specialists identify three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal changes. They are:
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unfreezing, changing, and refreezing
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External environmental forces for change include:
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customers
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Northwest Airlines asked its mechanics union to take pay cuts and allow redundant workers to be fired, which they expect would save the U.S.-based airline $1.78 million. The mechanics union has threatened to strike. A strike would be an example of:
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an internal force requiring change
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The manager of a golf course has noticed a decline in female membership even though one of the golf course's stated goals for this year was to increase its female membership by 15 percent. This manager has identified a(n):
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na
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____ is the process of determining which forces drive and which forces resist a proposed change.
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Force-field analysis
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Which approach to change implementation should be used when employees have the power to resist?
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participation
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____ uses formal bargaining to win cooperation.
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negotiation
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The Panama Hut employees have been told they have to move all the company's stored inventory from its basement to a second floor storage area. Some of the employees are unhappy with the change. Their manager tells them that they can help with the move or quit their jobs. What approach to change implementation is the manager using?
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coercion
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The purpose of the HRM activities and goals is to:
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attract an effective workforce to the organization, develop the workforce to its potential, and maintain the workforce over the long term.
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Which of the following terms refers to the economic value of the knowledge, experience, skills, and capabilities of employees?
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human capital
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The practice of hiring or promoting of applicants based on criteria that are not job relevant is called:
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discrimination
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In utilizing the matching model of employee selection, the organization and the individual attempt to match ____.
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needs, interests, and values
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If current employees are given preference when a position opens in their organization, it is an example of:
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internal recruiting
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Recruiting methods that are used to promote the hiring, development, and retention of protected groups are examples of:
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affirmative action
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Toddy Café manufactures machines for cold brewing coffee. These machines are marketed at its Web site. The company uses a standard application form for most jobs in its organization. Which of the following questions obviously might have an adverse effect on a protected group?
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Do you plan on getting pregnant soon?
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____ is a process that uses multiple raters, including self-rating, to appraise employee performance and guide development.
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360 feedback
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One of the most dangerous performance evaluation errors is ____, which places an employee into a class or category based on one or a few traits or characteristics.
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stereotyping
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____ occurs when an employee receives the same rating on all dimensions even if his or her performance is good in some areas and poor in other dimensions.
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Halo effect
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The ____ component of attitude has to do with the beliefs, opinions, and information a person has about the object of an attitude.
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cognitive
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The ____ component of attitude is the person's emotions or feelings about the object of the attitude.
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affective
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People generally experience ____ when their work matches their needs and interests, when working conditions and rewards (such as pay) are satisfactory, and when they like their co-workers.
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job satisfaction
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____ is loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization.
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organizational commitment
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Jayson Berndt is an auditor and often has to work late to finish his work. He enjoys his work and believes it is even more important today than it was five years ago. However, he also places a high value on family and resents the fact that his job robs him of time he could spend playing with his children. This condition can be described as:
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cognitive dissonance
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____ is the process by which individuals screen and select the various objects and stimuli that vie for their attention.
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Perceptual selectivity
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Which of these characteristics supports the belief that first impressions are important?
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na
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The policy of firing people who are over the age of 60 due to the belief that their productivity levels have declined is a result of which of the following perceptual distortions?
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stereotyping
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The tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people is called:
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projection
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The tendency to overestimate the contribution of internal factors to one's successes and the contribution of external factors to one's failures is a result of
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self-serving bias
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____ is the ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals.
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leadership
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David Packard, founder of Hewlett-Packard, once said, "We have a responsibility to our employees to recognize their dignity as human beings." According to the Ohio State Studies, Packard can be described as:
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high in consideration
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The Michigan researchers used the term ____ for leaders who established high performance goals and displayed supportive behavior toward subordinates.
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employee-centered leaders
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The extent to which tasks performed by the group are defined, involve specific procedures, and have clear, explicit goals is called:
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task structure
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The key assumption of Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory is that subordinates vary in their:
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readiness level.
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According to the situational theory of Hersey and Blanchard, which of the following leader styles matches up best with low readiness subordinates?
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telling style
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According to Hersey and Blanchard, which of the following styles works best for employees with high readiness?
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delegating style
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A situational variable that makes a leadership style unnecessary or redundant is called a:
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substitute
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The ____ leader has the capacity to motivate people to do more than they would normally expect of themselves.
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charasmatic
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Within organizations, leaders typically have different sources of power. What are they?
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legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, and referent
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A(n) ____ is a reward given by another person.
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extrinsic reward
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Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward?
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an employee's feelings of self-worth
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Which of the following motivational techniques is consistent with the traditional approach to motivation?
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na
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Which category of needs describes the desire to be accepted by one's peers, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved?
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belongingness needs
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The female employees in the bookkeeping department constantly complained about how cold their offices were. In the organizational setting, this need to have a comfortable temperature is an example of a(n) ____ need as defined by Maslow.
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physiological
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What is the proper order of ascendance of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
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physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
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According to Herzberg, ____ are higher-level needs and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth.
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motivators
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The female employees in the bookkeeping department constantly complained about how cold their offices were. According to Herzberg, this chilly work environment would be a:
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hygiene factor.
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According to McClelland, which of these needs is associated with the desire to master complex tasks?
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a need for achievement
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As a manager, Ron has the need to be liked more than he has the need to be an efficient manager. In fact, he will overlook tardiness and other infractions if he believes his employees will treat him as their friend. According to McClelland, Ron has a:
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need for affiliation
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Communication is defined by the text as the process by which information is:
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exchanged and understood by two or more people, usually with the intent to motivate or influence behavior.
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____ occurs when the receiver responds to the sender's communication with a return message.
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feedback
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Three key elements of communication include:
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encoding, message, and feedback.
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Which of these refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode?
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channel richness
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Which of these communication media provides the highest degree of channel richness?
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face-to-face contact
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Which of these communication media provides the lowest degree of channel richness?
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bulletins
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To inform managers of an impending company-wide layoff, which communication channel would be most appropriate?
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face-to-face contact
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Communication transmitted through actions and behaviors rather than through words is known as:
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nonverbal communication
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The three types of formal communication channels are:
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upward, downward, and horizontal.
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Many organizations use suggestion boxes, open door policies, and surveys to facilitate:
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upward communication.
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According to the text, a(n) ____ is a unit of two or more people who interact and coordinate their work to accomplish a specific objective.
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team
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A ____ is a formal team composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise.
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horizontal team
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The term ____ refers to a team member who attains a benefit from team membership but does not do a proportionate share of the work.
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free rider
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A ____ is a role in which the individual provides support for team members' emotional needs.
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socioemotional role
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What is the correct order of the stages of team development?
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forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
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During the ____ stage, the major emphasis is on problem solving and accomplishing the assigned tasks.
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performing
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Which of the five stages of team development is marked by conflict and disagreement?
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storming
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he three structural characteristics that influence team cohesiveness are:
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team interaction, shared goals, and personal attraction to the team.
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____ is the tendency for people to be so committed to a cohesive team that they are reluctant to express contrary opinions.
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Groupthink
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What are the five styles of handling conflict?
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competing, avoiding, compromising, accommodating, and collaborating
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Organizational ____ is defined as the systematic process through which managers regulate organizational activities to make them consistent with expectations established in plans, targets, and standards of work performance.
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control
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___ control focuses on human, material, and financial resources that flow into the organization.
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na
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The manager overseeing the canning of soft drink likes to grab a can off the filler line occasionally to make sure that the can contains the stated number of ounces. This is an example of a:
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na
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The response cards on the tables of many fast-food restaurants ask for the patrons' opinion of the food and service. Responses to these cards are examples of a(n):
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feedback control
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The first step in the control system is to:
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establish standards of performance.
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____ control is the use of rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, written documentation, reward systems, and other formal mechanisms that influence employee behaviors and enhance performance.
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Bureaucratic
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____ is a philosophy of organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement, focusing on teamwork, customer satisfaction, and lowering costs
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Total quality management
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The term ____ is defined as the continuous process of measuring products, services, and practices against the toughest competitors or those companies recognized as industry leaders to identify areas for improvement.
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benchamarking
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The process of ____ is the implementation of a large number of small incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis.
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continuous improvement
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____ allows employees to see for themselves the financial condition of the company.
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Open-book management
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