Ma Study Guide

Front 1

An infection that is caused by a microorganism that is normally beneficial or harmless to humans is a(n) ____.

Back 1

endogenous infection

Front 2

The cycle of infection begins with the establishment of the pathogen in the ____.

means of entrance

Back 2

reservoir host

Front 3

An individual into whom a pathogen has been transmitted and who has little or no immunity to infection by that organism is a ____.

Back 3

susceptible host

Front 4

The condition in which pathogens are absent or controlled is ____.

Back 4

asepsis

Front 5

A medical assistant can help break the cycle of infection in the office by ____.

Back 5

maintaining strict housekeeping standards

Front 6

Principles of ____ must be applied to break the cycle of infection.

Back 6

asepsis

Front 7

The goal of surgical asepsis is to ____.

Back 7

keep organisms from entering the body

Front 8

Standard Precautions apply to ____.

Back 8

blood

Front 9

When a hazard occurs that is not addressed specifically by an OSHA standard, ____.

Back 9

the general duty clause takes effect.

Front 10

Patient education brochures should not exceed the ____ reading level.

Back 10

sixth-grade

Front 11

An advantage of patient education is that ____.

it allows patients to take a passive role in their medical care

Back 11

it results in greater compliance with prescribed treatment programs

Front 12

An important advantage of consumer education is that ____.

Back 12

Americans have become more aware of the importance of good health

Front 13

Consumer education ____.

Back 13

is geared, in both content and language, toward the average person

Front 14

Patient health education should include ____.

Back 14

steps to protect against illness and injury

Front 15

You should incorporate which of the following guidelines when educating patients about health habits?

Back 15

7 to 8 hours of sleep a night

Front 16

8 health habits

Back 16

limit alcohol, smoking, good nutrition, regular exercise, adequate rest, limit drug use, safety

Front 17

The first level of disease and illness prevention is ____.

Back 17

adopting health-promoting behaviors

Front 18

Teaching health-promoting behaviors includes ____.

Back 18

symptoms and warning signs of disease

Front 19

The second level of disease prevention is ____.

Back 19

screening

Front 20

The third level of disease prevention is ____.

Back 20

rehabilitation

Front 21

Which of the following types of preoperative teaching supplies details about the surgical procedure?

Back 21

Factual

Front 22

Mr. Hendricks has just been informed that he needs surgery to remove a growth on his thyroid. He is nervous about the need for surgery and asks you what will happen during the surgery. He also wants to know why the surgery is necessary. What type of teaching should you use to answer Mr. Hendricks?

Back 22

Factual

Front 23

Which of the following types of preoperative teaching gives patients a description of the physical sensations they may have during a procedure?

Back 23

Participatory

Front 24

During which type of teaching do you describe a technique to the patient, demonstrate it, and then ask the patient to repeat the demonstration?

Back 24

Participatory

Front 25

Which type of teaching should you use to demonstrate cleaning and dressing a wound postoperatively?

Back 25

Participatory

Front 26

In which type of teaching should the patient do a return demonstration of the technique you have taught?

Back 26

Participatory

Front 27

In charting, subjective data includes the ____.

Back 27

patient's chief complaint

Front 28

During a patient interview, you note signs of anxiety in the patient. You may be able to help the patient by ____.

Back 28

allowing him to describe his feelings

Front 29

Which of these patient behaviors is a classic symptom of depression?

Back 29

Profound sadness

Front 30

Which of the following is characteristic of depression?

Back 30

of appetite, and loss of energy.

Front 31

Which of the following statements applies to HIPAA requirements?

Back 31

A privacy notice must be prominently posted within the hospital.

Front 32

Which of the following applies to HIPAA requirements?

Back 32

Healthcare facilities must inform patients, in writing, about disclosure of identifiable health information.

Front 33

Using SOAP charting, where would you document measurable information?

Back 33

Objective data

Front 34

Which of the following information would you place in the "P" section when using SOAP charting?

Back 34

Patient education

Front 35

Which of the following information would you place in the "S" section when using SOAP charting?

Back 35

Patient's perceptions

Front 36

Which of the following would you place in the "A" section when using SOAP charting?

Back 36

Physician's diagnosis

Front 37

Where on the health history form do you find the reason the patient came to visit the practitioner?

Back 37

Chief complaint

Front 38

Adult height should be measured to the nearest ____.

Back 38

quarter of an inch

Front 39

Which of the following is part of the procedure for measuring the weight of an adult?

Back 39

Placing a disposable towel on the scale

Front 40

Vital signs include the temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, and ____.

Back 40

pain assessment

Front 41

The normal blood pressure for an adult is ____.

Back 41

less than 120/less than 80

Front 42

Which of the following is the normal range for an adult heart rate per minute?

Back 42

60-100

Front 43

The normal adult range for respirations per minute is ____.

Back 43

12-18

Front 44

Which of the following is the normal range for an infant's heart rate per minute?

Back 44

100-160

Front 45

Which of the following is the normal range for respirations per minute in an infant?

Back 45

30-60

Front 46

The normal adult oral temperature is ____.

Back 46

97.8ºF-99.1ºF

Front 47

Which of the following is the most accurate measurement of body temperature?

Back 47

Rectal temperature

Front 48

Where should you take an infant's pulse if you cannot feel the brachial artery?

Back 48

Over the apex of the heart

Front 49

Difficult or painful breathing is called ____.

Back 49

dyspnea

Front 50

Tachypnea is ____.

Back 50

rapid breathing

Front 51

Hyperpnea is ____.

Back 51

slow breathing

Front 52

When taking a blood pressure, the first tapping sound you hear is the ____.

Back 52

systolic pressure

Front 53

Which of the following means lack of breathing?

Back 53

Apnea

Front 54

When taking the blood pressure, the last sound you hear is the ____.

Back 54

diastolic pressure

Front 55

Physicians perform general physical examinations to ____.

Back 55

confirm the patient's overall state of health and provide baseline values for vital signs and mensuration

Front 56

When a patient has symptoms that may indicate more than one condition, the physician must first ____.

Back 56

make a differential diagnosis

Front 57

A forecast of the probable course and outcome of the disorder and the prospects for recovery is the ____.

Back 57

prognosis

Front 58

The best examination position for the physician to evaluate the patient's ability to fully expand the lungs is the ____ position.

Back 58

sitting

Front 59

In which of the following examination positions does a patient lie flat on the back?

Back 59

Supine

Front 60

Another name for the supine position is the ____ position.

Back 60

recumbent

Front 61

Which of the following positions is used as an alternative to the lithotomy position when patients have severe arthritis or joint deformity?

Back 61

Dorsal recumbent

Front 62

Which of the following positions is used during examination of the female genitalia?

Back 62

Lithotomy

Front 63

In Fowler's position, the patient lies ____.

Back 63

on the back with the head of the examination table elevated

Front 64

In which position does the patient lie flat on the examination table, face-down, with the head turned to one side and the arms placed at the sides or bent at the elbows?

Back 64

Prone

Front 65

A patient lies on the left side with the under arm behind the back and the upper thigh flexed in the ____ position.

Back 65

Sims'

Front 66

In which examination position does the patient lie on the examination table face-down, supporting the body with the knees and elbows?

Back 66

Knee-elbow

Front 67

In which examination position does the patient lie on his back with his knees drawn up and his feet flat on the table?

Back 67

Dorsal recumbent

Front 68

In which position would you assist a woman to put her feet in the stirrups and to slide forward to position her buttocks near the edge of the table?

Back 68

Lithotomy

Front 69

Which position would be difficult for an obese woman or a woman in the late stages of pregnancy to assume?

Back 69

Lithotomy

Front 70

The best position for a patient who has a low-back injury or is short of breath is the ____ position

Back 70

.

Fowler's

Front 71

The physician examines the back, feet, and musculoskeletal system of a patient in the ____ position.

Back 71

prone

Front 72

Which position is used for anal or rectal examinations?

Back 72

Proctologic

Front 73

Which of the following is the visual examination of the patient's entire body and overall appearance?

Back 73

Inspection

Front 74

Which of the following examination methods involves touching the patient to assess texture, temperature, and shape?

Back 74

Palpation

Front 75

Which of the following examination methods involves tapping or striking the body to hear sounds or feel vibrations?

Back 75

Percussion

Front 76

Which of the following examination methods is the process of listening to body sounds?

Back 76

Auscultation

Front 77

Physicians use which examination method to determine whether the lungs contain air or fluid?

Back 77

Percussion

Front 78

Doctors use a stethoscope to perform ____ to assess heart, lung, and bowel sounds.

Back 78

auscultation

Front 79

Which examination method refers to the process of measuring?

Back 79

Mensuration

Front 80

You would use which examination method to obtain a patient's height and weight?

Back 80

Mensuration

Front 81

Which examination method refers to the systematic moving of a patient's body parts?

Back 81

Manipulation

Front 82

Which examination method do physicians use to determine the range of motion of a joint?

Back 82

Manipulation

Front 83

Which of the following equipment should the medical assistant provide to the physician for examining a patient's lungs and chest?

Back 83

Stethoscope

Front 84

A medical assistant provides a physician with which piece of equipment to use in examining the ears?

Back 84

Otoscope

Front 85

Which of the following is Nägele's rule?

Back 85

First day of last menstrual period, subtract 3 months, add 7 days plus 1 year

Front 86

Which of the following consists of widening the opening of the cervix and scraping the uterine lining?

Back 86

D&C

Front 87

In which procedure does the physician examine the walls of the bladder and urethra by visualization and inspection?

Back 87

Cystoscopy

Front 88

Which of the following should you include in your teaching after a patient has a dilation and curettage (D and C)?

Back 88

Instruct the patient to avoid the use of tampons for 1 week after the procedure

Front 89

A heavy or dragging feeling in the groin, enlargement of one testicle, and a dull ache in the groin are symptoms of ____.

Back 89

testicular cancer

Front 90

Which of the following is not part included of the medical assistant's role in a urologist's office?

Back 90

Visual inspection of the external genitalia

Front 91

The specimen obtained by a cervical biopsy is sent to the laboratory with a(n) ____.

Back 91

cytology laboratory requisition

Front 92

Treatment for prostatitis includes ____.

Back 92

antibiotic medications and sitz baths

Front 93

The acronym LMP refers to the ____.

Back 93

last day of a woman's last menstrual period

Front 94

Which procedure is performed when a genetic or metabolic defect is suspected in a fetus?

Back 94

Amniocentesis

Front 95

Which of the following is the best description of menopause?

Back 95

The natural cessation of a woman's menstrual cycles

Front 96

Another name for enlargement of the prostate gland is ____.

Back 96

prostatic hypertrophy

Front 97

Which of the following is used to measure urinary bladder capacity and pressure?

Back 97

Cystometry

Front 98

Men should be instructed to perform a monthly testicular self-exam starting at age ____.

Back 98

15

Front 99

Which of the following is the treatment for jaundice in a newborn?

Back 99

Keep the infant well hydrated with breast milk or formula

Front 100

At what ages should toddlers have well-child exams?

Back 100

15, 18, 24, and 30 months

Front 101

A birth-related disorder of the nerves and muscles caused by brain damage that occurs before, during, or shortly after birth or in early childhood is ________.

Back 101

Cerebral Palsy

Front 102

How many well-baby examinations are needed in an infant's first year?

Back 102

7

Front 103

Which of the following would you not recommend to reduce the risk of SIDS?

Back 103

Put the infant to sleep on his stomach

Front 104

At what age do most SIDS cases occur?

Back 104

Between 2 and 4 months of age

Front 105

The purpose of an immunization is to ____.

Back 105

reduce a person's susceptibility to infection

Front 106

Which of the following statements about well-child examination is true?

Back 106

.

From the age of 3, children should have well-child examinations every year.

Front 107

Which of the following is a birth-related disorder that is the most frequent crippling disease in children?

Back 107

Cerebral palsy

Front 108

Which of the following is not a guideline to help keep infants and toddlers safe?

Back 108

Allow only plush toys in the infant's crib

Front 109

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results from one extra chromosome in each cell during the development of the fetus?

Back 109

Down syndrome

Front 110

Which of the following is not a guideline for proper vaccine storage and handling?

Back 110

Rotate your supply of vaccines so those with the longest expiration date are used first

Front 111

For which of the following diseases are toxoids used to produce active immunity?

Back 111

Tetanus and diphtheria

Front 112

The best site for obtaining a blood specimen from an infant is the ____.

Back 112

heel

Front 113

When communicating with a patient with a visual impairment, ____.

Back 113

provide instruction sheets in large type

Front 114

When communicating with a patient who has a hearing impairment, ____.

Back 114

speak in clear, low-pitched tones

Front 115

Which of the following is not appropriate when working with an elderly patient?

Back 115

Go along with the patient's misconceptions about his or her condition

Front 116

Which of the following tips will help you communicate more effectively with an older patient?

Back 116

Look for a way to make a connection with the patient

Front 117

Which of the following is the specific diagnostic test for depression?

Back 117

There is no specific diagnostic test

Front 118

Which of the following is a reason for the low rate of treatment for depression among elderly patients?

Back 118

Elderly patients and their families believe depression is a normal consequence of growing old.

Front 119

Which of the following are symptoms of depression in the elderly?

Back 119

Indecisiveness and difficulty in concentrating

Front 120

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the treatment of depression in the elderly?

Back 120

of taking medication for a mental problem.

Front 121

Treatment for depression in elderly patients includes ____.

Back 121

antidepressants and psychotherapy

Front 122

The postural abnormality _____ often occurs in elderly women due to a loss of bone density, causing a characteristic curvature of the spine, known as "humpback."

Back 122

kyphosis

Front 123

Elderly patients are defined as patients who are over the age of ____.

Back 123

65

Front 124

Medical specialists who specialize in the care of elderly people are ____.

Back 124

geriatricians

Front 125

Which of the following is a sign of aging in the integumentary system?

Back 125

Atrophy of the subcutaneous layer of skin

Front 126

Which of the following is a sign of aging in the nervous system?

Back 126

Shortened attention span

Front 127

Another term for degenerative joint disease is ____.

Back 127

osteoarthritis

Front 128

A condition in which cholesterol and triglyceride levels are above normal is ____.

Back 128

hyperlipidemia

Front 129

Which of the following treatments would be used for a patient who has congestive heart failure?

Back 129

Diuretics

Front 130

Which of the following conditions can be alleviated by encouraging elderly patients to eat more high-fiber foods and drink plenty of fluids?

Back 130

Constipation-diarrhea cycle

Front 131

Mr. Hartman is 89 years old and has been living alone in a small apartment downtown since his wife died two years ago. His son Richard brought him to the office for a checkup, saying that when he checked on his father yesterday, Mr. Hartman seemed confused and could not tell Richard when he had last eaten. Mr. Hartman is very thin, but he states that he eats "whenever I am hungry." Which of the following conditions might you suspect?

Back 131

Depression

Front 132

The body makes protein out of ____.

Back 132

amino acids

Front 133

After the body's carbohydrate reserves are depleted, which of the following does the body burn?

Back 133

Fat

Front 134

Which of the following can be converted to glucose and used for immediate fuel?

Back 134

Carbohydrates

Front 135

Lisa has just found out that she is pregnant. This is her first pregnancy, and she wants to be sure to do everything right. She tells you, "I know I should not have any alcohol, and I have never been a smoker, but what about food? Is there anything I should do differently, or avoid? Which of the following would you include when teaching Lisa about nutrition during pregnancy?

Back 135

"Eat an additional 10 to 15 g of protein a day."

Front 136

Which of the following provide two-thirds of a person's daily energy needs?

Back 136

Carbohydrates

Front 137

A measure of body fat based on height and weight that is often used in assessing nutritional levels is the ____.

Back 137

body mass index

Front 138

Which mineral is found in dairy products, green leafy vegetables, broccoli, legumes, and the soft bones of sardines and salmon?

Back 138

Calcium

Front 139

Each gram of ____ contains four calories.

Back 139

protein

Front 140

Which of the following are saturated fats?

Back 140

Coconut and palm oils

Front 141

Which of the following are either stored in the liver and muscle cells as glycogen or converted and stored as fat?

Back 141

Carbohydrates

Front 142

An excess of which of the following can lead to increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood and an increased risk of heart and artery disease?

Back 142

Lipids

Front 143

Major minerals the body needs in fairly large quantities include ____.

Back 143

calcium and phosphorus

Front 144

A deficiency in which mineral causes a goiter?

Back 144

Iodine

Front 145

Which of the following are characteristic of saturated fats?

Back 145

.

They are derived from animal sources and are solid at room temperature.

Front 146

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1º C is a (n) ____.

Back 146

calorie

Front 147

Which of the following is especially important to increase in the diet of patients with cancer to help replace cells destroyed by cancer treatments?

Back 147

Proteins

Front 148

Which of the following builds healthy bones and teeth, aids in blood clotting, and helps nerves and muscles function?

Back 148

Calcium

Front 149

Which of the following are functions of lipids?

Back 149

They provide a concentrated source of heat and energy.

Front 150

Which of the following contain unsaturated fats?

Back 150

Corn oil and olive oil

Front 151

It is recommended that what percentage of an individual's total daily caloric intake be made up of carbohydrates?

Back 151

45% to 65%

Front 152

Which of the following are natural, inorganic substances the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues and carry on life functions?

Back 152

Minerals

Front 153

Which of the following is a function of proteins?

Back 153

They assist in maintaining the body's water balance.

Front 154

Which of the following is the most essential nutrient for building and repairing cells and tissue?

Back 154

Protein

Front 155

It is recommended that what percentage of an individual's total daily caloric intake be made up of protein?

Back 155

10% to 35%

Front 156

The body's ability to resist pathogens and disease is called ____.

Back 156

immunity

Front 157

Which of the following is a function of fiber?

It transports fat-soluble vitamins.

Back 157

It absorbs organic wastes and toxins in the body so they can be expelled.

Front 158

Which of the following helps treat and prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, and irritable bowel syndrome?

Back 158

Fiber

Front 159

Too little of which of the following nutrients can result in an increased risk of colon cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and increased blood glucose levels?

Back 159

Fats

Front 160

A small amount of tissue removed from the body for examination under a microscope is a(n) ____.

Back 160

biopsy specimen

Front 161

Debridement is ____.

Back 161

the surgical removal of debris or dead tissue from a wound

Front 162

The first step in preventing a nonsurgical wound from becoming infected is ____.

Back 162

cleansing

Front 163

Which of the following occurs during the inflammatory phase of healing?

Back 163

Blood vessels in the affected area constrict

Front 164

The proliferation phase of healing is characterized by ____.

Back 164

the development of new tissue

Front 165

Which of the following occurs in the maturation phase of healing?

Back 165

A continuous layer of skin cells thickens and pushes off the scab, leaving a scar.

Front 166

A wound will heal better if the edges are brought close together or ____.

Back 166

approximate

Front 167

Edges of an incision that are approximated ____.

Back 167

require surgical removal of the dead tissue

protect the area from contamination and minimize scab and scar formation

Front 168

Which of the following are characteristics of absorbable sutures?

Back 168

They are made of gut and do not require removal after the wound has healed.

Front 169

Which of the following are characteristics of nonabsorbable sutures?

Back 169

They must be removed after substantial healing has taken place.

Front 170

Which of the following uses an intense beam of light to cut away tissue?

Back 170

Laser surgery

Front 171

An advantage of laser surgery is that ____.

Back 171

it promotes quick healing and prevents infection

Front 172

Which of the following would you include when preparing a room for laser surgery?

Back 172

Make sure everyone in the room, including the patient, wears safety goggles

Front 173

How does a laser cut away tissue?

Back 173

It vaporizes unwanted tissue.