Lungs And Pleural Cavity

Front 1

What is pleura?

Back 1

squamous (flattened) epithelial cells plus thin layer of connective tissue

Front 2

Which membranes make up the pleural cavities?

Back 2

endothoracic fascia, Pareital Pleura, Visceral Pleura, Pulmonary "ligament"=pleura inferior to lung hilum connecting mediastinal pleura to visceral pleura

Front 3

What is the endothoracic fascia?

Back 3

membrane of the pleural cavity that attaches pleura to body wall holding them in place. Superficial to parietal pleura

Front 4

What is the pareital pleura?

Back 4

layer of the pleural cavity. 3 types: costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal

Area between visceral and pareital pleura=pleural cavity which has fluid.

Front 5

What is the visceral pleura?

Back 5

pleura on the surface of lungs

Front 6

What is the extent/relationships of the pleural cavity?

Back 6

Superior: above rib 1, apex of lun

Inferior: diaphragm

Medial: mediastinum

Anterior: sternum, costal cartilages

Front 7

Draw the right lung. Include boundaries of the lobes, fissures, hilus.

Back 7

Oblique fissure: laterally at rib 4, anterior to rib 6

Horiz fissure: follows 4th rib anteriorly

hilus: label primary bonchus, pulmonary arteries and veins, bronchial artery, lymph nodes, pulmonary ligament

impinge upon lung: subclavian A., superior vena cava, R. atrium, axygos vein, esophaus, diaphragm

Front 8

Draw the left lung. Include boundaries of lobes, fissures

Back 8

oblique fissure=4th rib laterally to 6th rib anteriorly

hilus: passage of primary brochus, pulmonary arteries and veins, bronchial A, lymph nodes, pulmonary lig.

Impinge upon lung: aorta, L. ventricle, subclavian A., trachea, esophogus

Front 9

What is the trachea made of?

Back 9

cartilage and fibrous tissue. have smooth muscle on posterior surface so can be flexible when esophogus swallows.

Front 10

Where does the trachea bifurcate and what does it bifurcate into?

Back 10

At Carina=~T4 deep to the sternal angle. Divides itno left and right primary bronchus.

Front 11

What are the branches of the right primary bronchus?

Back 11

superior lobe bronchus supplies branches going to superior lobe right lung

infer. lobe bronchus

middle lobe bronchus

Front 12

What are the branches of the left primary bronchus?

Back 12

superior lobar bronchus (gives off branches to superior lobe and lingula)

inferor lobar bronchus

Front 13

Draw the entire bronchial tree

Back 13

Front 14

What happens to the lungs during inhalation?

Back 14

Diaphragm pulls down-->pressure in the pleural cavity drops-->air enters lung to compensate

When you are inhaling and thus expanding your lungs, the ribs are trying to increase the volume of the pleural space, which of course, decreases the pressure. At this point, the pressure in the lungs is greater than the pleural pressure and the lungs push against the pleural space. As it's doing this, the volume of the lungs expand cause IT's pressure to decrease and air rushes in.

Front 15

What happens to the lungs during exhalation?

Back 15

Non forced-relaxing muscles and lettin elastic forces cause lung to contract forcing air out.

Forced exhalation-requires muscle action

Front 16

Why is fluid in the lungs bad?

Back 16

Decreases volume of air exchange and effectiveness of elastic forces during exhalation.

Front 17

What occupies the pleural cavity?

Back 17

Bound by the pareital pleura and visceral pleura. Contains a little bit of pleural fluid.

Front 18

What is the extent of the pleural cavity?

Back 18

superior: the point where the lung tissue meets the main stem bronchus

inferior: to the diaphragm

medial: mediastinum

lateral: thoracic wall.

Front 19

What are the recesses in the pleural cavity? Which space would be best to collect fluid from an otherwise normally inflated pleural cavity?

Back 19

R and L Costodiaphragmatic recess-lungs end at rib 6, 8,10 (middle to lateral) so recess= rib 8,10,11 -larger anteriorly and smaller posteriorly-its the space between the lungs and the diaphragm where there is still pleura

Costomediaistinal recess on L- between mediatstinal pareital pleura and costal pareital pleura. includes cardiac notch

Best to collect liquid from L costodiaphramatic recess-its bigger than right since R lung is bigger and unlike costomediastinal recess, it is away from heart.

Front 20

What are the subdivisions of the pareital pleura?

Back 20

Costal pareital pleura-lines thoracic wall

mediastinal pareital pleura-inferior portion of mediastinum

diaphragmatic pareital pleura-lines superior diaphragm

Front 21

How can you get a pneumothorax without anything penetrating the thoracic body wall?

Back 21

pneumothorax=partial or whole lung collapse because of air entering pleural cavity

hole in lung either through air blister popping or lung disease

Front 22

A person has his third intercostal space at the right midaxillary line penetrated with a knife. What layers of tissue are penetrated beginning with skin and ending with a specific lobe of the lung.

Back 22

3rd intercostal space=just after 3rd rib

skin-->fascia--> muscles (external intercostals, internal intercostals, innermost intercostals)-->endothoracic fascia-->costal pareital pleura-->pleural space-->visceral pleura-->superior lobe of R lung

Front 23

Assume a person has aspirated a small piece of carrot. describe the segments of the lung it would most and least likely be lodged in. Is there a part of the lung where it would be impossible for an aspirated particle to go to?

Back 23

tends to lodge in right main bronchus-->R lung because its more vertical and object will follow gravity. If gets to lung most likely to lodge in Inferior lobe of R. lung since R inf lobe bronchus is most vertical and near the bottom.

Least likely to go to L. superior lobe bronchus since that's more vertical and against gravity so likely wont be lodged in superior lobe of L. lung.

Front 24

What is the source of oxygen for the bronchi and other deep tissues of the lungs?

Back 24

the 2 bronchial arteries on the L lung and 1 bronchial artery on the R lung

Front 25

Draw an image including bronchi, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins at the hilus of the lung

Back 25

Front 26

Pleurisy

Back 26

Fluid filled in pleural cavity

can reduce lung volume and reduce lung elasticity

Front 27

What is the hilum?

Back 27

Where visceral and parietal pleura meet.

Where primary bronchus, pulmonary A,V, bronchial A, lymph nodes, pulmonary ligament go through