The materials and apparatus used in this experiment were: a PC computer, IWX/214, LabScribe Software, SP-304 Spirometer, FH-300 Spirometer flow hear and plastic tubes. The regular set up of the apparatus and more details of the procedure can be found from the Lab Manual on laboratory # 10 respiration, which was used as a reference. After setting the computer software (LabScribe), and calibrating voltage to 22 L which was written in the spirometer black box, a test of the Spirometer was performed to make sure it was in the right position. (A spirometer is an apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs.) It was tested by recording one person breath on the software and observed the waves in the lung volume screen.…
Mammals: Description: Mammals are warm-blooded animals so they are able to live in almost any climate in the world. They are a vertebrate, which means they have a backbone or spine. Most live on land and they typically give birth to live young. Description of gas exchange: In mammals gas exchange takes place in the lungs.…
As vasoconstriction increases due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance hypoxia occurs and eventually respiratory acidosis and is monitored through arterial blood gases (Kuhajda et al., 2014). Upon examination patient appears to be in respiratory distress - gasping for air and tracheal deviation as the lung space has decreased and pressures continue to rise, neck vein distention due to altered cardiac output, cyanosis and agitation set in as time goes on due to hypoxia and the increasing difficulty to breath (Crimlisk, 2010). Palpation reveals subcutaneous emphysema as air is trapped within the tissues. Upon listening to the patients chest there is reduced air entry and percussion reveals hyperresonance (Kuhajda et al., 2014). Generally, air enters the pleural space which shifts the equilibrium causing pressure on the surrounding organs and decreases adequate perfusion and…
A pneumothorax is a condition in which air gets trapped between the lungs and the chest wall. This pressure causes the lung to collapse inward onto itself. As member of both the Army National Guard and Army ROTC, I am very interested in this topic since it is a serious injury that can occur due to traumas on the battlefield. In army lingo, this injury is referred to as a sucking chest wound. We are instructed to treat it during basic combat lifesaving courses.…
Organisation of The Body Part 2 4.1 Enzymatic activity involves a breakdown of complex molecules from food into smaller amounts which acts as a building block for new molecules. Firstly, the enzymes bond with the substance to make a reaction called the enzyme substrate complex. The substrate makes the active site to change its shape, to enable the substrate and the active site to fit precisely. The enzymes-substrate undergoes internal arrangement that forms a product.…
To begin the process, locate the second intercostal space on one side of Caroline’s chest. Following I asked her to take a deep breath through her mouth, listening to her inhalation and exhalation. Next, I moved directly across Caroline’s chest and followed the same process to listen to both lungs. I palpated to find the inferior intercostal spaces, listening…
Oral/nasal cavity- The nasal cavity is the primary intake for air for the respiratory system, consisting of cartilage, muscle and bone. It allows for inhalation of air into the body and warms the air as it enters filtering the air by removing dust, pollen, and other contaminants, purifying the air before it is passed to the inner body. The secondary exterior opening is the oral cavity, it allows for larger quantities of air inhalation, it also has less distance to travel allowing more air to enter the body for faster use, however when inhaled through the oral cavity air is not filtered increasing chances of harmful chemicals. Pharynx-…
Pleural mesothelioma is a uncommon melanoma often medically clinically diagnosed in individuals who have used great levels of mesothelioma. The metastasizing melanoma effects the pleura, a thin cells part of lubricating cells that selections the breathing and chest area place surfaces. It sometimes needs a several years or more for changes to appear that are an indicator of pleural illness, and for a long time for symptoms to show. These modifications normally consist of a thickening or calcification of the pleural lining—a situation usually medically clinically diagnosed as pleural plaques. Conditions like pleural calcification or the development of pleural plaques often offer as precursors to mesothelioma.…
The problem of the experiment was to determine the volume of one mole of H_(2(g)) at STP. In a way, the problem is essential in understanding how one mole of an ideal gas at STP is always equivalent to 22.4 L. By determining if the volume of a mole of H_(2(g)) is 22.4 L, it supports Avogadro’s law that one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 L at STP. At the same time, it indicates that a direct relationship exists between volume and the number of moles of gas as temperature and pressure stays constant. One real world application of the importance of this problem is demonstrated when a helium balloon is lighter than an identical balloon filled with air (http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/gases/faq/everyday-gas-laws.shtml).…
The respiratory system comprises many organs, such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tube, and the lungs, that all have responsibilities to ensure that the body receives the right amount of airflow. However, when the respiratory system is exposed to pathogens, or it is not protected, it can create problems such as, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), orthopnea, and many other minor or major diseases that can cause a patient 's respiratory system to become infected. Emphysema is a lung disease (pulmonopathy) that affects the alveoli through breaking down the elastic fibers in the lung, mainly because of proteases, which are the chemicals from immune cells. In comparison to many forms of…
Arthur Ashe has said “Start where you are. Use what you have. Do what you can.” For me, it’s a reminder that if you get lost or stuck in what you’re doing, you can always fall back on the basic building blocks of the plan and continue from there. In patient care, ABCs are our building blocks.…
Question 1. a) “What serosal cavities have been penetrated by the 1st arrow?” The pleural cavity and pericardial cavity have been penetrated by the 1st arrow as they tend to appear in the thoracic cavity on the left side of the chest. b) “Explain the location, the microscopic characteristics of the serous membrane, and the purpose of the serous membrane.”…
This building also includes a therapy unit for people who have had a recent surgery and need physical therapy during their recovery process, a unit for retired people who can no longer care for themselves at home alone, and a unit dedicated to people with a tracheostomy that require a ventilator to assist them in breathing. A tracheostomy is a surgical opening through the trachea. This is necessary for someone who is unable to maintain their own airway. The ventilator is connected to the tracheostomy which will then maintain a constant airflow for the patient to breathe. For the first time in my three years of employment at this facility I worked on the “vent” unit, as it is refer to it in the medical field.…
Introduction What is noninvasive ventilation? If you are a person who googles everything, then you will be redirected to the article Noninvasive Ventilation written by Guy Soo Hoo that states “Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the administration of ventilatory support without using an invasive artificial airway (endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube).” Now if you are a person that likes to look at books to get the answer, then David W. Chang wrote in Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation that “noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is a technique of providing ventilation without the use of an artificial airway.” Wherever you want to get the definition from, the purpose is all the same: to help the ventilation of the patient…
Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of gas, at the same pressure and temperature, have the same amount of molecules. This applies to the lab in that it allows for the verification of the molar volume of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure once temperature, pressure, and volume are all accounted for. Dalton’s law of partial pressure is another theory that was explored in this lab. It states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. This law makes it possible for the partial pressure of the water vapor to be removed from the total pressure of the gases in the eudiometer tube to yield the partial pressure of hydrogen gas.…