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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 stages of grief? |
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance |
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List and explain each of Maslow’s 5 Hierarchy of needs. |
Physiological- food, water, shelter; Safety- safe from harm; Social- feeling loved, relationships; Esteem- respect for self and others; Self-actualization- need to bet oneself, most don't reach this level |
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List the 8 stages of the family life cycle |
a. Familyof origin experiences b. Leavinghome c. Pre-marriagestage d. Childlesscouple stage e. Familywith young children f. Familywith adolescents g. Launchingchildren h. Laterfamily life |
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List the three phases of the cycle of violence |
Tension --> Incident --> Honeymoon |
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Explain the difference between the id, ego, and superego |
Id-operates on pleasure level, self, sex, survival; Ego- manages conflict betweenthe id and superego, operates on reality principle; Superego- operates onmorality, society, causes guilt when going against society |
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What is fixation, according to Freud? |
Inability to progress normally from one stage to another |
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List Freud’s 5 stages of development |
Oral: birth-12 mo; pleasure: mouth, sucking, biting, chewing; result of fixation: excessive smoking, over-eating, dependence on others Anal: 2-toileting; bowel movements; anal retentive (control) or anal expulsive (easily angered) Phallic: 3-5; genitals; guilt/ anxiety over sex Latency: 5-puberty; sexuality is dormant; no fixations Genital: puberty; genitals, sexual urges, no fix |
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List the three self-object needs ofself-psychology? |
Mirroring- validates the child’s self of self; Idealization- child borrows strength from others and identifies with someonemore capable; Twinship/ twinning- child needs an alter ego for sense ofbelonging |
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What are Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development? |
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Ego strengths vs. Despair |
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List the four operant techniques |
Positive reinforcement- praise, tokens Negative reinforcement- taking away something (remove shock) Positive punishment- presentation of undesirable stimulus to decrease/ eliminate bx(hit, shock) Negative punishment- removing something positive (token, desert), punishment of bx |
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List Piaget’s 4 cognitive theory stages |
Sensorimotor (0-2) Preoperational (2-7) Concrete Operations (7-11) Formal Operations (11+) |
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List Kohlberg’s 6 stages of moral development (p-c-p) |
1) obedience/ punishment 2) follows rules to receive rewards 3) Acts to gain approval from others (good boy/girl) 4) Socially driven -rules are rules, avoid censure and guilt 5) concerned w/ individual rights and morality 6) broad, universal, ethical principles |
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List the three stages of substance use treatment |
Stabilization-establishing abstinence, acceptance & commitment Rehabilitation/habilitation- establish stable lifestyle, supports Maintenance- stabilizing gains, relapse prevention, termination |
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DM: Conversion |
Repressed urge disguised as disturbance of body function (as pain, deafness, blindness, etc.) |
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Explain the three stages of cultural identity development |
Unexamined cultural, racial, and ethnic identity- lack of exploration, uninterested in culture Cultural, racial, and ethnic identity search- exploration, questioning, growing and awareness; emotional time Cultural, racial, and ethnic identity achievement- clear sense, successfully navigate in world, increase self-confidence and develop. |
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Explain the humanistic approach |
Clients have the capacity to grow, change, andadapt |
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Name some risk factors for perpetrators of abuse |
Hxof owning weapons and using them, criminal hx, psych dx with coexisting MICA,drug and alcohol abuse, personality dx, hx of impulsivity, angry affect withoutempathy, environmental stressors |
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Briefly explain white families |
Family:divorce common, personal desires over family, parents try to be friends withchildren, avoid physical punishment Communication:long winded and impersonal Spirituality:private affair Values: capitalism, poverty is moral failing, physical appearance,individual rights |
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Briefly explain American Indian families |
Family:complex, family without blood links, group over individual Communication:indirectness, quiet, silent, avoid eye contact Spirituality:part of life, interconnectedness, traditional medicine man Values: holistic, follows nature’s rhythm |
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Briefly explain Asian families |
Family:patriarchal, obligation to elders, family structure Communication:indirect, avoidant, less expressive/ affectionate Spirituality:Confucian and Buddhist philosophies Values: shaming and obligation to others and parents |
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Explain AA families |
Family:strong kinship bonds, informal adoption of children by other relatives,flexible family roles, women “strength of family” Communication:animated, physical touch/ directness Spirituality:turn to community/ religious leaders, church is central Values:strong work orientation, use informal support network (comm) |
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Explain Native Hawaiian families |
Family:immediate family is alien to them, “we are all related” Communication:customs, own language Spirituality:spirits are in nonhuman beings and objects Values:importance of culture and welfare of all living in community |
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Explain Hispanic families |
Family:extended family big, obligation to family, male has power Communication:varied emotional expressiveness (more in Spanish) Spirituality: spiritual values church and commorientation Values: wish to improve life circumstances, heritage is important |
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Name some signs of marijuana use |
Redeyes, loud talking, inappropriate laughter, loss of interest, weight gain |
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Name signs of cocaine use |
Dilatedpupils, euphoria, hyperactivity, anxiety, excessive talking followed bydepression or excessive sleeping |
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Name signs of heroin use |
Contracted pupils, needle marks, sleeping atunusual times, sweating, twitch |
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What does FAREAFI mean? |
Mostuseful in FIRST/NEXT questions; use in hierarchy Feelings of the client be acknowledged first above all; build rapport Assess Refer Educate Advocate Facilitate Intervene |
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What does AASPIRINS stand for? |
Useful in BEST or MOST reasonable answers Acknowledge client/ patient; build rapport Assess Start where patient is Protect life (danger to self?) Intoxicated do not treat; refer Rule out medical issue Informed consent Non-judgmental stance Support patient self-determination |
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Name medications typically used for anxiety |
Ativan(lorazepam) benzo Buspar(buspirone) Alprazolam(Xanax) benzo Klonopin(clonazepam) Valium(diazepam) benzo |
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Name medications typically used for depression |
SSRIs: Celexa(citalopram) Lexapro Paxil(paroxetine) Prozac(fluoxetine) Zoloft(sertraline) MAOIs (restrictions): Nardil and Parnate Tricyclics Other- Wellbutrin (bupropion) |
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Name typical antipsychotics (mania and schizophrenia) |
Haldol(haloperidol) injectable also** Loxitane(loxapine) Serentil(mesoridazine) Thorazine(chlorprozmazine) |
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Name atypical antipsychotics |
Abilify(ariprirazole) Clozaril(clozapine) Risperdal(risperidone) Seroquel(quetiapine) Zyprexa(olanzapine) |
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Name mood stabilizers (bipolar) |
Depakene,Depakote Lithium** Lamictal(lamotrigine) Topamax(topiramate) |
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Name stimulants (ADHD) |
Adderall(amphetamine) Concerta Ritalin, Methylin |
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What is the halo effect? |
Putting someone on a pedestal |
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Tardive dyskinesia is associated with what types of medications? |
Involuntary jaw movements- typicalantipsychotics |
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Lack of sexual desire can be associated with SSRIs—true or false? |
True |
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At what age can an individual be diagnosed with a personality disorder? |
18
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What are some of the components of an intervention or service plan? |
Tasks, goals, obtainable, time table
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What are the stages of the helping process?* (EIAGIET) |
Engagement, information gathering, assessing/diagnosis, goal setting, intervention, evaluation, termination |
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When in a dilemma the SW should first.. and then.. |
1st check with code of ethics 2ndspeak with supervisor |
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What are the COE 6 core values? |
Service-help people in need and address social problems Social justice- pursue social change, equality of opportunity Dignity and worth of the person- cultural and ethnic diversity Importance of human relationships- central importance of relationships Integrity-behave in trustworthy manner Competence-practice within areas of competence, refer out if not knowledgeable |
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What is duty to protect? |
Inform individuals who have been threatened of the homicidal threat, warn victim and initiate involuntary commitment if necessary (Tarasoff) |
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When do children understand death is permanent? (Piaget) |
7 -11,concrete operations stage |
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Explain Bowen’s family therapy theories |
Interested in improving the intergenerationaltransmission process, improvement in functioning |
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What are the 8 constructs of Bowen’s family therapy? |
Differentiation-core concept, individualization within family, voids external or internal emotional pressures Emotional system- (result of poor interpersonal boundaries) family members share emotions Multigenerational transmission- connection of past and current generations Emotional triangle- network of relationships between 3 people, stable until anxiety is introduced Nuclear family- basic unit of society, clients who form relationships outside of NF, pick others with same differentiation level Family projection- parents transmit emotional problems to child Sibling position- determines personality, how they relate to parents/ siblings Societal regression- depletion of natural resources |
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What is structural family therapy? |
Stresses importance of family organization for functioning of group and well-being of members SW “joins” family to restructure it boundaries and rules are established |
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What are the three concepts of structural family therapy? |
Interpersonal boundaries define individuals members and promote differentiation and autonomy,yet interdependent functioning Boundaries with outside world define family unit while being permeable enough to maintain open system Hierarchical organizations in families of all cultures is maintained by generational boundaries (rules, obligations) |
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What is the purpose of advocacy efforts? |
Obtain services or resources not otherwise provided, modify or influence policies that adversely affect groups, promote legislation that will result in provision of resources |
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What are the 6 problem solving steps/ phases of intervention? |
Engaging assessing planning intervening evaluating terminating |
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Five case management activities are: |
Assessment planning, linking, monitoring, advocacy |
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Management of conflict entails four goals.. |
Relieve the impact of stress with emotional and social resources Return client to previous level of functioning Help strengthen coping mechanisms during crisis period Develop adaptive coping strategies |
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What are the four steps of managing conflict? |
1) Recognition of an existing or potential conflict 2) Assessment of conflict situation 3) Selection of an appropriate strategy 4) Intervention |
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What are the six stages of change? |
Pre-contemplation-denial, ignorance of the problem Contemplation-ambivalence, conflicted emotions Preparation-experimenting with small changes, collect info Action-taking direct action towards achieving goal Maintenance-maintain new bx, avoid temptation Relapse- feelings of frustration and failure |
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In termination the SW and pt should.. |
Evaluate the degree to which a client’s goals have been attained, acknowledge and address issues related to end of relationship, plan for subsequent steps a client may take relevant to problem that don’t involve SW (new services) |
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What are the four steps of community decision-making? |
Orientation stage- community members meet for first time Conflict stage- disputes, fights, arguments, eventually worked out Emergence stage- see and agree on course of action Reinforcement stage- finally make decision and justify why its correct |
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In what ways can a social work approach professional development? |
Consultation, coaching, communities of practice, mentoring, reflective supervision, technical assistance |
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Explain Gottman’s couples theory |
Gottman (couples) Focuses on conflicting verbal communication in order to increase intimacy, respect, and affection; removes barriers that create a feeling of stagnancy in conflicting situations, creates heightened sense of empathy and understanding |
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Explain the difference between countertransference and transference |
Transference- redirection of client’s feelingstowards SW; Countertransference- SW feelings towards client |
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What are some values that may inhibit therapeutic relationship? |
Universalism-one acceptable norm for everyone Dichotomous-“either-or” thinking; differences are inferior, wrong, bad versus differences are just different Heightened ability/ value on separating, categorizing, numbering, “left-brain” versus right-brain or whole picture High value on control, constraint, restraint versus being flexible Measure of self comes from outside and is only in contrast to others versus comes from within Power is defined as power over others, mastery over environment versus power through or in harmony with others |
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When should a client be provided with their records? |
SW should limit client’s access to their records, or portions of their records, only in exceptional circumstances when there is compelling evidence that such access would cause serious harm to a client (should be documented) |
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What is the SOAP format? Why is it used? |
Way of keeping client files up to date (used in healthcare) Subjective: how client has been doing since they came into tx Objective: vital signs, labs, etc. objective indicators of problems Assessment:pulls together subjective and objective findings and consolidate them into assessment Plan: what will be done as consequence of A |
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What are the eight components of the Mental Status Evaluation? |
Appearance Orientation Speech pattern Affect/ mood Impulsive/ potential for harm Judgment/ insight Thought process/ reality testing Intellectual functioning/ memory |
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What’s the difference between exogenous and endogenous depression? |
Endogenous depression- caused by biochemicalimbalance rather than psychosocial stressors; Exogenous- caused by external eventsor psychosocial stressors |
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What is privileged communication? |
Legal rights that, under certain circumstances, protect clients from having their communications revealed in court without their permission |
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What’s the difference between expressive vs. receptive language? |
Expressive- articulation, basic, ability tocommunicate; Receptive- more advanced, ability to express feelings and emotions(listen and understand) |
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What is the institutionalized view of SW? |
Institutional view- preventative focus, individual difficulty is the most important to solve, no stigma |
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What is the residual view of SW? |
Residual view- services provided only when other systems fail, short term emergency-based, receiver has obligations (stigma, Band-Aid approach) |
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What is the universal program of social welfare? |
Universal- program benefits everyone, no matter situation (costly, fire, police) |
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What is the selective program of SW? |
Selective- restricted to those in need (stigma,narrow criteria; social security) |
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Name and explain the three levels of the mind |
Unconscious- tx, fx, desires, memories in which we’reunaware; Preconscious- tx, fx can be brought into consciousness; Conscious-mental activities of which we’re fully aware |
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What’s Mahler’s object relation’s theory? |
Autistic phase birth-1 mo- mom needs to be there Symbiotic phase 1-5 mo- develop first human bond, positive stimuli and relief of discomfort, develop trust Hatching 5-9mos- aware of differentiation between self and mother, increasingly aware of surroundings, use mom as point of reference Practicing 9-16mo- first crawling then walking, explore actively, independence, experiences self as one with mom Rapprochement 15-24 mo- differentiate herself, psychic separateness Object constancy 24-36 mo- knows mom will return |
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What ages do children experience strangeranxiety/ separation anxiety? |
Stranger anxiety 6-8mo separation anxiety- 12 mo prolonged separation anxiety- 18 mo |
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What are the three parenting styles? |
Authoritarian-very restrictive, don’t explain rules, forceful punishment Authoritative-flexible, autonomy with restrictions, achievement oriented Permissive- lax parenting, few demands, no monitoring, impulsive |
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What is the responsibility of a SW for a client with DV? |
DV: medical needs met, not under legal obligation to report DV, encourage to be safe, no fam. therapy |
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What’s the difference between cultural relativism and pluralism? |
Cultural relativism- an individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood in terms of his or her own culture; Pluralism- small groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities (Native Americans) |
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What is dyssomnia? |
Dyssomnia- disturbances in sleep, amount, timing quality |
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What’s the difference between factitious dx vs.malingering? |
Malingerer fakes or produces sxs to obtain external reward; Factitious dx- pt produces sxs due to psychological need to adopt “sick role” (Munchausen) |
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What’s the difference between hyperthyroidismvs. hypothyroidism? |
Hyperthyroidism- mimic sxs of mania; hypothyroidism- can mimic depression |
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Explain the three personality dx clusters and dx’s associated |
Cluster A: odd and eccentric: paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid Cluster B: dramatic, erratic: borderline, antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic Cluster C: anxious, fearful: avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive |
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What’s the difference between post-morbid,premorbid, and promomal? |
Post-morbid- subsequent to onset of illness;
premorbid- prior to onset of illness; promomal- period of time before onset of serious illness during which subtle sxs |
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What would someone use benzodiazepines and what are some common side effects? |
Safer than barbiturates, less addictive; impaired muscle coordination, psychomotor functions, impairment of ST memory |
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What’s the difference between abuse and dependence? |
Abuse- impairment of life, Dependency-withdrawal sxs, major impairment |
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What are the six stages of CPS process? |
Intake, initial assessment and investigation,family assessment, case planning, service provision, evaluation of familyprogress and case closure **permanency plan |
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What are the 4 P’s of Perlman’s problem solvingapproach? |
Perlman’s problem solving: Person, problem,place, process |
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Explain Adler’s approach |
Adler—holistic theory of personalitydevelopment; individuals have single drive or motivation behind all of their bx“striving for perfection” |
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Explain Gestalt therapy |
Gestalt—seekheightened awareness, split-off of selves, process oriented, don’t believe inrepression, take responsibility for actions |
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DM: Identification |
Person patterns himself after SO; personality development |
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DM: Identification with the aggressor |
Abusing others because you’ve been abused |
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DM: Incorporation |
Primitive mechanism in which psychic representation of a person are figuratively ingested |
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DM: Inhibition |
Loss of motivation to engage in activity avoided, might stir up conflicts over forbidden impulses |
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DM: Introjection |
Loved or hated external objects are absorbed within self |
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DM: Isolation of affect |
Unacceptable impulse separated, removed from emotional charge |
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DM: Projective identification |
BPD; unconsciously perceiving others’ bx as reflection of one’s own identity |
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DM: Reaction formation |
Person adopts affects, bx opposite of those heharbors |
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DM: Splitting |
BPD; perceives self and others as “all good” or“all bad” |
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DM: Sublimation |
Maladaptive fx or bx are diverted into sociallyacceptable |
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DM: Substitution |
Unattainable or unacceptable goal replaced byanother |
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DM: Symbolization |
Mental representation stands for some other things |
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DM: Turning against self |
Defense to deflect hostile aggression fromanother to self |
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DM: Undoing |
Uses words/bx to symbolically reverse unacceptable tx, fx |
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Why are groups helpful? |
Instillation of hope, universality, altruism, interpersonal learning, self-understanding and insight, existential learning |
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Describe the first two stages of Paiget's Cognitive development theory |
Sensorimotor (0-2) - retains images of objects, primitive logic, begins intentional actions, imitative play, meaning in events, symbolic meaning begins at end of stage Preoperational (2-7) -comprehend past-present -future, magical thinking, words & symbols, concrete/irreversible/egocentric thinking, cannot see another point of view, |
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Describe the last two stages of Paiget's Cognitive Theory |
Concrete Operations- (7-11) Begins abstract thought, games w/ rules, understands cause and effect, thinking independent of experience, rules of logic Formal Operations (11+) abstract thinking plan for future, thinks hypothetical, assumes adult roles and responsibilities |
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File Organization |
1) demographics & intake 2) assessments, quarterly reviews, & assessments 3) Service plans w/ goals 4) discharge plans 5) release of info & referrals 6) correspondence |
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders include: |
Intellectual disabilities Communication Disorders Autism spectrum disorder AD/HD Specific Learning Disorder Motor disorders Other neurodevelopmental disorders |
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Bipolar and related disorders include: |
Bipolar 1 (requires manic, may include hypomanic/ major depressive episode but not req'd) Bipolar !! (hypomanic + major depressive episode) Cyclothymic disorder |
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Schizophrenia Spectrum and other psychotic disorders include |
schizotypal personality disorder Delusional disorder Brief Psychotic Disorder schizophreniform Disorder Schizophrenia Schizoaffective disorder Substance/ Medication induced psychotic disorder |
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Depressive Disorders Include: |
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Major Depressive Disorder Persiistent Depressive Disorder Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder |
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Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders include: |
Obsessive-compulsive disorder Brief Dysmorphic Disorder (repeated behaviors associated w/ appearance) Hoarding Disorder Trichotillomania-(Hair pulling) Excoriation- (skin picking) Substance/ medication induced Obsessive Compulsive Related Disorder |
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Anxiety disorders include: |
Separation Anxiety disorder Selective mutism specific phobia social anxiety disorder panic disorder agoraphobia (open spaces/ crowds etc) Generalized anxiety disorder Substance/medication induced anxiety disorder |
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Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders include: |
Reactive Attachment Disorder Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder PTSD Acute Stress Disorder Adjustment Disorders |
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What age must symptoms appear for ADHD diagnosis? |
Age 12 |
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What must be present in a schizoaffective disorder? |
Major mood episode |
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Catatonia may be a specifier for what disorders? |
Depressive, bipolar, psychotic disorders , medical condition, Requires 3 of 12 symptoms- stuper, catalepsy, waxy flexability, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerisms, stereotypy, agitation, grimacing, echolalia, echoproxia |
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Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) applies to individuals of what age group? |
Under 18 |
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How long must symptoms persist for Anxiety disorder diagnosis? |
At least 6 months |
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Dissociative Disorders Include |
Dissociative Identity disorder (2 or more personalities or id) Dissociative Amnesia (usually traumatic) Depersonalization/ Derealization disorder (spectator in ones life) |
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Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders include: |
Illness anxiety disorder Conversion Disorder Psychological Factors Influencing other medical conditions Factitious Disorder |
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Feeding and eating disorders include: |
Rumination disorder (regurgitating food-1+ month) Avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorder Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge-Eating Disorder |
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Explain manic vs hypomanic |
Manic- 1+ week, 3 or more of the following grandiosity, rapid thoughts, difficulty paying attention, insomnia, difficulty focusing, excessive high-risk behaviors, , Hypomanic- similar to manic, 4+ days, less severe |
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Elimination Disorders include |
Must rule out medical Enuresis (urine, 2x/week for 3 mos, 5yrs +, Encopresis- feces in inappropriate places, 1x/ month/ 3+ mos, Other specified elimination disorders Unspecified Elimination Disorder |
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Sleep- Wake Disorders include |
Insomnia Disorder Hypersomnolance Disorder Narcolepsy Breathing-related sleep disorders-ie apnea, hypoventilation Parasomnias--ie. REM, sleepwalking, nightmare, reslless leg, Med induced sleep disorder
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Problem solving process |
Acknowledge the problem Analyzing / identifying the problem Evaluating options BrainstormingEvaluating optionsImplementing option of choiceEvaluating outcome Implementing option of choice Implementing option of choiceEvaluating outcome Evaluating outcome |
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Crisis Intervention |
a) Relieve impact of stress w/ emotional/social resources b) help client regain equillibrium c) strengthen coping mechanisms during crisis d) develop adaptive coping strategies |
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Conflict resolution-Structuring techniques |
1) Decrease amnt of contact in early stages 2) " time between problem-solving sessions 3) " formality of problem-solving sessions 4) 3rd party mediator |
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NASW standards: primary goal of Case Mgmt |
to optimize client functioning & well-being by providing & coordinating high-quality services, in the most effective & efficiient manner possible, to individuals w/ complex needs |
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Behavioral objectives |
Client-oriented, w/ emphasis on what client will need to do Clear/ understandable , clear verb Observable Target change, conditions and criteria of behavior |
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Role modeling |
Live- watch real person perform activity Symbolic- filmed / videotaped (incl. client watching self Participant-anxiety evoking behavior modeled, client prompted to engage in behavior Covert- imagery |
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Communication: manifest & latent content |
Manifest- Concrete words Latent- underlying meaning of words/ terms |
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Ethnocentrism, Stratification, Pluralism |
Ethnocentrism-own culture superior Stratification- structured inequality Pluralism-maintain own culture, while working together |
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X Y organizational theories |
X-= 1 best way, match worker to task, closely supervise, reward/punishment, manage/control behavior Y = concern for human needs to produce creativity, cohesive work groups, participatory leadership, open communication |
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Organizational Approaches |
Systems- interrelated, subsystems; link process & goals Sociotechnical- social, technical, & environ. interact; balance appropriately Contingency/situational - different environments require different organizational systems |
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Advanced directive |
person has given legal rights to designated person to make decisions on his/her behalf in unable to themselves (living will) |
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When may SW limit client's right to self-determination? |
In professional judgement, clients actions pose serious, imminent threat to self or others (NASW COE) |
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Bioethics |
Study of ethical/moral implications of new technology (ex: assisted suicide, abortion, life support, etc) |
