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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Differences between a plant and animal cell |
Animal cell >Has no chlorophyll/Chloroplast >No cellulose wall >Has glycogen as its carbohydrate store >many small vacuoles Plant Cell >Has chlorophyll/chloroplast >Has a cellulose wall >Has starch as its carbohydrate store >Has a large central vacuole |
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Functions of the cell's organelle |
Nucleus >Contains DNA that makes up chromosomes which control the cell's activities Ribosome >site of protein synthesis Mitochondria >Makes ATP for the cell >site of cell respiration Cell membrane >controls what enters and leaves the cell and is important in sell recognition Chloroplast >only found in plant cells >used in photosynthesis Endoplasmic rectilum >series of canals that transport substances around the cell >rough-tubes with ribosomes attached Golgi apparatus >type of smooth endoplasmic rectilum involved in secretion Cytoplasm >mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins > includes all of the material inside the cell and outside of the nucleus. |
Nucleus Ribosome Mitochondria Cell membrane Chloroplast Endoplasmic rectilum Golgi apparatus |
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Differences between viruses, bacteria and fungi |
Viruses >not living >infection is systemic >antibiotics will not affect the disease Bacterium >living organism without a nucleus Fungi >Living organism with a nucleus >consists of thread like structures called hyphae >spores are released from the spore case and dispersed in the air |
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Active transport |
The movement of molecules and ions across a membrane against a concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy Cells use energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. |
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Osmosis
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The diffusion of water molecules down a water potential gradient across a partially permeable membrane
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Diffusion
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The movement of particles within a gas or liquid from an area of high concentration to a region of low concentration down a concentration gradient until an equilibrium is reached. |
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Differentiate between osmosis and diffusion |
Osmosis >transfer takes place through a semipermeable membrane >can only take place through liquid solvents >occurs over short distances >important regarding the absorption of nutrients by cells from the surrounding medium >comparatively slower Diffusion >takes place in a random manner in the absence of a semi permeable membrane >can take place through both liquids and gases >occurs over long and short distance >important in the case of nutrient flow within the body and subsequent energy production >is relatively faster
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Turgid cell |
Cell is placed in a solution of high water potential and water enters the cell via osmosis If fluid volume within the cell is more than fluid volume outside the cell then such pressure could lead the cell to become turgid and explode Cell is full of water and contents are pushed against wall |
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Plasmolysed cell |
Cell is placed in a solution of low water potential and water leaves the cell via osmosis If fluid volume outside the cell is more than the fluid volume within then such pressure could lead the cell to become plasmolysed and cave in. Cell has lost water so cell membrane pulls away from cell wall |
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Importance of osmosis, diffusion and active transport |
Osmosis >In plants roots are able to absorb moisture from the soil and transport it upwards, towards the leaf where nutrition is created >In animals Helps our bodies separate and expel toxic wastes and keep the blood stream free from impurities. Diffusion >exchange of gases in the lungs >movement of oxygen from the blood into cells >movement of carbon dioxide out of cells into the blood Active transport >Sodium ions removed from nerve cells >Ions taken up by root hair cells |
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Photosynthesis equation |
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide +water Light energy/chlorophyll Glucose+oxygen Chlorophyll traps some of the light then strikes it and uses it to break water molecules apart Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis |
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Fate of photosynthesis products |
>PLants use the glucose made in photosynthesis >much of the glucose is converted into starch and then stored
The rest is: >converted to sucrose >converted into other carbohydrates such as cellulose >combined with nitrogen and phosphorous to make nucleic acid >combined with nitrogen, sulphur and other elements to make proteins >respired to release energy that is needed for growth and cell activities >converted into lipids |
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Carbon cycle |
Photosynthesis Respiration Decomposition Combustion Accumulation of carbon in fossil fuels and lime stone due to incomplete decomposition |
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