Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Old English and Medieval Periods, 449-1485 History
|
Normans brought French language and feudalism with them. After a turbulent period of invasion, England eventually became a unified state with one language.
|
|
|
How did English writers respond to their island geography?
|
The placeless sea, the "sea-road," the Mead Hall
|
|
|
How did literature make a nation of an island?
|
a place of shared stories, a nation created by imagination
|
|
|
How did writers capture a vanishing world of tribes and clans?
|
the hero's code, vanishing world-enduring values
|
|
|
How did Chaucer reflect social trends without preaching?
|
interacted with his world, showing- not sermonizing, political turbulence, rising middle class, showing emotional change in society
|
|
|
How do writers change what they have inherited?
|
bequest from the past, changing in the telling
|
|
|
How did Chaucer respond to and create literary traditions?
|
using the old and making it new, inventing the rhythm of English poetry, establishing traditional forms
|
|
|
The English Renaissance Period (1485-1625)
|
Scholars turned to classical authors for inspiration, thinkers tried to return Catholic Church to its original principles, literary artistic and scientific achievements, England became a Protestant country
|
|
|
How did a real place launch the imagination?
|
the theater, imaginary Scotland
|
|
|
How did drama expand London?
|
Theaters outside city limits, writers came to its because the court, patron, theaters, and publishers were there
|
|
|
What were Londoners' rural dreams?
|
Pastoral as literary form, a green and carefree world
|
|
|
What did England come to mean?
|
fate linked with that of faraway lands
|
|
|
Why was belief an issue?
|
official religion changed 4 times in less than 30 years, competing Christian religions, politics all mixed up with religion
|
|
|
How did writers respond to and reflect problems of belief?
|
James made standard Bible, conflict with theories of the Earth, illusion and reality, a time of incredible turmoil in many aspects
|
|
|
What did writers rediscover in the classics?
|
Humanism- the purer forms of classical writers of ancient Greece and Rome
|
|
|
How did rediscovery encourage originality?
|
series of translations, blank verse adapted for stage, drama mixed two traditions, sonnet formed- borrowed models for Italy
|
|
|
In religion, how did writers move forward by going back?
|
needed to translate Bible to make something new and enduring
|
|
|
The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
|
struggles between king and Parliament led to death of Charles I, civil war, Charles II; industrial and agricultural revolutions; revolutions in America and France
|
|
|
How did roads lead to novels?
|
countryside being transformed by turnpikes and canals. primary purpose business, but new literary form (novel) came about
|
|
|
How did a new gathering place capture a new readership?
|
coffeehouses- offered friends, place to hang, read essays in magazines (Tatler and Spectator)
|
|
|
How did the countryside begin to influence literature?
|
poets looked to landscapes for inspiration, moral examples, and consolation. Mood of nocturnal reverie. Movement from an established church to a separation of church and state
|
|
|
How did literature focus on conduct?
|
Satire flourished, the literary and essay begin with the "how to" genre
|
|
|
What effects did the Renaissance and Reformation have?
|
making poems transition from love to religion, basing works on the classics, embodying the traditions of both the Renaissance and Reformation
|
|
|
How did Milton create a new role for the poet?
|
addressed the English as if he were an Old Testament prophet- reminding the nation that it had strayed
|
|
|
What new forms arose for new audiences?
|
the heroic couplet, the essay and the novel, secular sermon
|
|
|
The Romantic Period (1798-1832)
|
Conservative European rulers tried to roll back revolutionary ideas, industrialization prompted workers to organize, reform bill of 1832 extended right to vote but not to working classes
|
|
|
How did Romantics emphasize strange and faraway places?
|
Kubla Kan, Ancient Mariner, Ozymandias
|
|
|
What worlds became refuges from the smoky cities?
|
Wordsworth in the Lake District, Shelley and Keats with birds- symbolizing freedom, the city was improved
|
|
|
How did political and industrial revolutions affect society?
|
human nature born again, revolution destructive- England and France went to war,
|
